Systemic and local cytokine kinetics in musculoskeletal injury: a prospective study in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract

Objective. Back surgery in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is a major trauma in individuals with tissue inflammation and joint destruction along the spine; we used surgery in these patients as a model in the study of systemic and local cytokine profiles in complicated trauma situations. Material and methods. Blood was sampled before, during and after surgery in 10 patients operated on with extending osteotomy of the lumbar spine. Samples of arterial blood and local wound blood were analysed for proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Results. Surgery induced no significant changes in systemic values of TNFα and IL‐1β. There were significant increments in systemic values of IL‐6, IL‐8 and sTNF‐R1. A systemic increase in values of IL‐10 was only noticed after 24 h. There were increments in local values of TNFα at 24 h and in local values of IL‐1β, IL‐6, Il‐8 and IL‐10 at both 4 and 24 h postoperatively. The local values were in general significantly higher than the systemic values. Conclusions. This study indicates that a major musculoskeletal trauma principally is followed by significant increases in systemic levels of IL‐6 with only modest systemic reactions in TNFα and IL‐1β, even in patients with an inflammatory disease. However, there are in general significantly increased local levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10, and our conclusion is that systemic cytokine levels might not reflect local reactions.