Systematization of drivers of change in the higher education system of the Russian Federation

The relevance of the research is due to the coverage of the problem of European integration practice of consulting activities in higher education institutions. The introduction to the article reveals that the problem of development of the higher education system, provision of quality educational services, and promotion of competitiveness of national higher education institutions is a priority at the stage of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of the European integration practice of consulting activities in European and domestic higher education institutions. The article uses the following research methods: comparative and systemic analysis, content analysis, problem-predictive method to substantiate the European integration practice of consulting activities in higher education institutions of Ukraine and the specifics of consulting activities in higher education institutions of European countries. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the carried out studies and modern European sources, the European integration policy of consulting practice for higher education institutions is characterised. The article examines innovative legislative and institutional acts in the higher education system, regulatory documents and official websites of educational institutions, and summarises approaches to consulting activities. The results of the study show that consulting activities are carried out in research institutions of higher education and scientific institutions where there is financial support from central government agencies, in accordance with the conceptual state targeted development programmes. It is determined that the undoubted trend of consulting activity is its uniqueness, which is determined by the design of this process, correlates with the mission and vision of the higher education institution. It is found that among the offers in the educational market of consulting services that correlate professional support for pedagogical, scientific and pedagogical staff, university managers, as well as stakeholders, there are consulting centres (departments, services, laboratories, hubs, etc.) that support the processes of administration and management in higher education institutions. The author examines the official websites of educational institutions and finds that consulting activities are mostly aimed at supporting and improving the professional level of the subjects of the educational process. The findings of the study suggest that not all higher education institutions carry out consulting activities, including the absence of consulting centres, virtual communities and platforms for information and feedback, research laboratories, etc. Based on the results of the analysis of European and domestic higher education institutions, the author identifies key problematic issues that hinder the development of consulting activities in them.

In the article, a technological simplex of designing the marketing activity of an modern institution of higher education. The content of the main components of the proposed technological simplex is revealed.
 The author found that marketing activities should be carried out in compliance with the social and value principle withdrawal of profit. Adherence to this principle is the key to the success of a higher education institution.
 The organization of marketing activities is carried out by the marketing service. This service involves the administration and all staff of the higher education institution, which can be useful in the process of developing individual components of a marketing plan.
 In the context of the study, it was found technological simplex of designing marketing activity of a higher education institution is a structural and functional scheme, a simple prescription, a generalized and accessible action plan, which is an indicative basis for the activities of marketing services of higher education institutions.
 The technological simplex of designing the marketing activities of a modern higher education institution consists of nine components. The implementation of each component is accompanied by reflection, control and correction, which are carried out in the process of managing the concept of marketing.
 During the development of the technological simplex, the marketing management model of the organization, the main components of the marketing activity plan, as well as the process of implementing strategic marketing planning are taken into account.
 The revealed content of the technological simplex of designing marketing activity of higher education institutions is a theoretically substantiated indicative basis to realize opportunities to improve the marketing culture of educational institutions of all levels of accreditation.

Analyzed the institutional and organizational support of educational activities of higher education institutions in Italy in the specialty “Tourism”, which is the key to the successful functioning of educational activities. The regulatory legal acts of Italian higher education institutions included in the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities (as of 2020), including the legal framework of the Italian higher education system, statutory and intra-university documents, and the like, have been investigated. The institutional and organizational support of the educational activities of Italian higher education institutions is characterized and their features are revealed. The goals of educational programs in the specialty “Tourism” of each of the rating higher education institutions are clarified and the analysis of the main professional orientations of the graduates of the corresponding universities is carried out. The purpose of the article. Highlight the institutional and organizational support of educational activities of Italian universities, which train specialists in «Tourism», by solving problems on the analysis of legal documents of such free economic zones, presentation of institutional and organizational support of educational activities and identifying their features. The study used theoretical and empirical research methods, including: analysis of the implemented statutory documents in the Italian higher education system; analysis of the peculiarities of the autonomy of Italian universities; comparison of the legal basis for the educational activities of Italian universities. Thus, it was found that the institutional basis of the educational activities of the Free Economic Zone of Italy in public and private ownership are the statutory documents and internal university regulations, which are based on regulations approved by the Italian government. Such documents in each of the five free economic zones are SAPIENZA Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”; University of Roma Studies «Tor Vergata»; University of Genoa Studies; University of Perugia Studies; Università degli Studi di Catania – became: university statute; regulations on administration, finance and accounting; general organizational provisions of the university; code of ethics; rules of conduct for employees; educational regulations of the university, etc. In the case of the structural units of the Italian Free Economic Zones, they are largely identical, comprising the Rector, the Academic Senate, the Board of Directors and the Administrative Departments, and are funded by tuition fees and financial assistance from public and private universities from the Italian Ministry of Education. (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca – MIUR) and the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Italy (Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze). As for the peculiarities of educational training «Tourism», their goals, requirements and professional orientation are more identical in all free economic zones – is the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of tourism, on entry, the presence of a document of complete secondary education and the possibility of further employment in tourism enterprises. own business, etc.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to perfect the evaluation of the efficiency of scientific and educational activities of the country’s higher education institutions and determine the causes of inefficiency. The purpose of this study was to improve the evaluation of the efficiency of scientific publication activities of agrarian higher education institutions of Ukraine using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The study was conducted according to the general heuristic method, the authors also employed mathematical and statistical methods of processing and analysis of input and output data, computer methods for the implementation of research tasks and abstract-logical methods for determining the degree of relevance, formulation of conclusions. The study substantiated the feasibility of using the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the scientific and educational activities of higher education institutions, as well as the feasibility of using Voluntary Retirement Services and Compulsory Retirement Service models, which are input-oriented, to evaluate the technical, purely technical, large-scale efficiency of scientific publication activity. Based on statistical information for 2020-2021, the technical, purely technical, large-scale efficiency of the scientific publication activity of 38 agricultural institutions of higher education of Ukraine were evaluated using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. According to the results of calculations, 18% of the educational institutions under study have the maximum value of technical and large-scale efficiency. The average technical efficiency is 0.6, the average pure technical efficiency – 0.7, and the average scale efficiency – 0.85. The analysis of the estimated values of relative efficiency allowed identifying the reasons for the inefficiency of each higher education institution under study, including suboptimal use of educational resources and an unbalanced scale of activity. Based on the study results, a rating of agrarian institutions of higher education in Ukraine in terms of the efficiency of scientific publication activities was compiled, which can be used as an addition to conventional ratings for analysing scientific and educational activities. The results of this study can be used to rank higher educational institutions by efficiency, to find the reasons for their ineffective activities

The article analyzes the essence and content of excursion and exposition activities (EEA) of higher education institutions (HEI), substantiates the importance and significance of its development and implementation, summarizes the experience of EEA of leading HEIs of Ukraine and the world. EEA is presented as an important direction of the popularization and marketing complex of HEI, and in the future – the formation of a tourist destination on its basis. The classification of EEA on the prevailing attractions is offered. The main stages of development of the EEA of the HEI are highlighted and substantiated and the general scheme of its management is constructed with the indication of key responsible structural subdivisions and connections between them at different stages. The experience of EEA in the University of Customs and Finance is stated in general terms and analyzed. Excursion and exposition activity of a higher education institution is a promising innovative direction of formation and improvement of its image and prestige, and thus creation of significant additional competitive advantages. The design according to the classical rules and the gradual content and artistic diversification of university exhibitions, their proper protection, periodic updating and replenishment contribute to strengthening both the innovative component of the educational process in higher education and the development of tourism on its basis. The creation and implementation of a system of tours of the institution as a whole and its individual content-thematic or spatial component is an integral part of the marketing communication complex of the university and in the long run - an important source of additional income. The development of full-fledged excursion and exposition activities in a higher education institution is carried out in several stages over a number of years. The management system of such activities in the transition from the previous stage to the next gradually changes depending on the achieved level and scope of its implementation and the vision and desire of the management of the institution. As a result of formation and realization of the strategic plan of development of EEA in HEI one or two specialized structural divisions which are carrying out and coordinating exclusively excursion-exposition activity can be created. The University of Customs and Finance is a representative and illustrative HEI in terms of organizing exhibitions and excursions. EED in this institution is gradually being developed solely on the initiative of the HEI, using existing factors (central location in the city, rich and interesting history, availability of comfortable premises and plots, etc.), and demonstrates significant success in obtaining and consolidating of competitive advantages, including due to the development of a system of excursion and exhibition activities, and can serve as an example for other institutions of higher education.

Presently, the process of assessing the effectiveness of higher education institutions and analysing the dynamics of its change needs to be improved, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study was to improve the assessment of the efficiency of agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine in the scientific and journalistic context, as well as to investigate the changes in dynamics using the non-parametric method of assessing the relative efficiency of data envelopment analysis. The study used methods of statistical processing and data analysis, linear programming, computer computing to solve research problems, and logical and analytical methods to determine the purpose of the study, the means of achieving it, substantiate the findings of the study, and formulate conclusions. To evaluate the effectiveness of scientific and publishing activities of these higher education institutions, the input-oriented model of variable returns to scale of the data envelopment analysis method was applied. Using statistical data for 2020- 2022, the net technical efficiency of scientific and publishing activities of 37 agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine was assessed. Based on the results of the assessment, a rating of agricultural higher education institutions in Ukraine was compiled. It was found that in 2021 and 2022, 27% of the surveyed higher education institutions were 100% effective. The average net technical efficiency in 2021 and 2022 was 0.91. In 2021-2022, 27% of agricultural higher education institutions increased the efficiency of scientific and publishing activities, 59% did not change, and 14% decreased. On average, there was a 1% increase in the use of educational resources in the field of agricultural higher education. Thus, the scientific and publication activities of agricultural higher education institutions during the study period are progressive. The findings of this study can be used for a reasonable ranking of higher education institutions according to the efficiency of scientific and publishing activities, analysis of the dynamics of changes in efficiency.

The article proposes a mechanism for financial control over the allocation of budget funds, depending on the results of the scientific activity of a higher education institution (HEI) and its structure, which includes: the purpose and objectives of the mechanism; objects and entities of the mechanism; the basic principles on which the mechanism is based; types of ensuring the implementation of the mechanism; impact levers and tools for implementing the mechanism; methodological approaches to the evaluation of the results of scientific activity; measures of financial control over the allocation of budgetary funds. The concept of «mechanism of financial control over the allocation of budgetary resources depending on the results of scientific activity of a higher education institution» is introduced, which proposes to understand the system of measures and methods of influence of state financial control on the activity of higher education institutions in order to increase the efficiency of spending of budgetary funds by deciding on financing. HEI based on the results of scientific research. It is stated that the main directions of ensuring the functioning of the mechanism of financial control over the allocation of budget funds, depending on the results of scientific activity of the institution of higher education are: legal, regulatory and information. The main levers of influence on the functioning of the proposed mechanism have been systematized: licensing of a specialty, which will be used for the preparation of applicants for higher education; accreditation of educational programs in specialties; state certification of HEI depending on the results of scientific activity; allocation of budgetary funds depending on the results of the state certification of the HEI. The instruments of implementation of the mechanism of financial control over the allocation of budget funds, depending on the results of the scientific activity of the HEI include: financial control; state financial audit; IT audit. The mechanism of carrying out an IT audit of the results of the scientific activity of HEI is proposed by searching for information on the results of the scientific activity of employees and comparing it with the information of the HEI, submitted in the application for state certification in the part of carrying out scientific (scientific and technical) activity.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop the soft skills of future professionals through project-based activities in higher education institutions in the international dimension. Objective: To describe and substantiate the positive practices of developing soft skills of future specialists through project-based activities in higher education institutions in the People's Republic of China in order to utilise the positive experience of this country in reforming Ukrainian education. Methods: Theoretical analysis of scientific sources, websites of educational institutions, educational and professional programmes of higher education institutions to determine the key features of the development of soft skills of future specialists through project-based activities in higher education institutions of the People's Republic of China. Findings: The concepts of soft skills and project-based activities were formulated and clarified, the inhibiting factors of development were identified, and the issue of soft skills development in future specialists in current research on higher education in the People's Republic of China was analysed. The paper describes measures to improve the level of development of soft skills of future specialists in the People's Republic of China and formulates proposals for solving the issue of developing soft skills of future specialists through project-based activities in higher education institutions of Ukraine. Conclusions: It was found that the development of soft skills of future specialists through project-based activities is more effective. It was established that the organisation of collective scientific projects and the holding of contests and competitions using practice-oriented tasks for students are effective means of improving the level of soft skills of future specialists in higher education institutions. Reforming curricula and funding and establishing cooperation with industry by the Ministry of Education and Science; professional development of teachers in universities, organisation of additional extracurricular activities using projects; formulating clear goals for project-based learning by teachers, establishing effective cooperation with students, and organising feedback and assessment can be useful in improving the level of soft skills of future specialists in higher education institutions in Ukraine.

The article is aimed at developing approaches to evaluate the efficiency of national higher education institutions from the position of stakeholders. On the basis of analysis, systematization and generalization of modern requirements for the conduct of educational programs of higher education institutions, as well as the results of auditing the efficiency of the use of budget funds appropriated to the Ministry of Health for personnel training purposes, and trends in the national sphere of inbound medical tourism, criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of the marketing mechanism of cooperation between higher education institutions and stakeholders are proposed. A list of criteria and indicators of evaluation of the effectiveness of the marketing mechanism of cooperation between higher education institutions and stakeholders as the basis for the formation of the partner network is elaborated. They are the minimum obligations of the partners necessary for the operation of the affiliate network, can be reviewed and supplemented in accordance with the specifics of the activities of the higher education institution and its stakeholders. The proposed criteria indicate what needs to be done, and performance indicators are an appropriate instrument for this work to achieve the goal set by the participants in the affiliate network. The performance indicators presented here are not intended to definitively determine the results of operation of the affiliate network for its participants and society in general. They are the first stage of such evaluation and the basis for the higher education institution to develop its own sets of indicators, taking into account the specifics of the activity and available resources. A set of indicators and methods of their calculations can be updated where necessary, supplemented with new values, checked for relevance and practicality, their applicability in the activities of a particular higher education institution. Prospect for further research in this direction is the development of a mechanism of cooperation between higher education institutions and stakeholders, as well as the functions of managing this direction of activity in the universities.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the legislative and regulatory support for the activities of higher education institutions in Ukraine and to outline the prospects for its improvement. Research methodology. The article uses general and special research methods aimed to highlight the legislative and regulatory support for the activities of higher education institutions, situational and action analysis of legal regulation, analytical monitoring of legislative and regulatory acts and publications on the topic of research. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the generalisation of theoretical knowledge regarding the regulation of legal relations in the field of educational services, updating of regulatory and legal documents and outlining of the main tasks for improving the legislative and regulatory framework for ensuring the quality of higher education. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the legislative and regulatory framework of Ukraine, which regulates the activities of higher education institutions, it is shown that important directions of its further development are reforming, modernisation, introduction of new standards and creation of healthy competitiveness in the international arena. The author outlines the trends in the development of higher education sector, the main challenges and the main shortcomings in the system of legal regulation, in particular, the financial problem — reduction of the state budget and the special fund; financing of the educational sector on the basis of the excess principle leads to problems of reduction of higher education institutions, falling prestige of the scientific and teaching profession, and departure of leading scientists abroad. It is determined that promising areas for improving higher education are the introduction of innovations and implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Higher Education of Ukraine for 2021-2031 in the field of higher education institutions. This is, first of all, the real academic autonomy of higher education institutions, which, among other things, gives higher education institutions the opportunity to develop educational and research programmes themselves. Key words: legislative and regulatory framework, higher education, higher education institutions, quality of education, Constitution of Ukraine, Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", Law of Ukraine "On Education".

The article analyzes the principles of administrative and legal regulation of the organization and implementation of educational activities in higher education institutions with specific study conditions. The fundamental importance of principles as the foundational basis for the administrative and legal regulation of relations concerning the organization and implementation of educational activities in such institutions is emphasized. It is noted that these principles are divided into general principles – applicable to administrative and legal regulation in general, and special principles – specific to the regulation of educational activities in higher education institutions with specific study conditions. The principles not only define the conceptual framework and normative requirements for the current state of educational activities in these institutions but also outline the priorities and prospects for their reform toward adaptation to European and Euro-Atlantic standards. Among the special principles of administrative and legal regulation of educational activities in higher education institutions with specific study conditions, the following are highlighted and characterized: a) unity and differentiation; b) comprehensiveness and multilevel regulation; c) equal access to higher education; d) quality of higher education and practical orientation; e) learner-centeredness (student-centeredness); f) religious and political neutrality; g) flexibility and adaptability; h) international integration, among others. It is concluded that the normative consolidation of the list and content of these principles is of significant importance. This should ideally be implemented in the Education Code of Ukraine within a dedicated section addressing the specific features of organizing and providing higher education in institutions with specific study conditions.

It is determined that the improvement of public administration relations is associated with the solution of a number of problems that arise as a result of non-compliance of the current state of these relations with the requirements of today. A healthy lifestyle and physical culture and sports are designed to become a social phenomenon and a state ideology that promotes a strong state and a healthy society. The development of physical education is due to civilizational factors, in the solution of which it can act as a means of cultivating in the public consciousness the values of creativity, tolerance, solidarity, personal development, and optimization of communication and conflict resolution. The process of state regulation of physical culture and educational activities in higher education institutions as a special type of activity, the results of which are useful for society and student youth, is analyzed. The process of development of physical culture and educational activities is outlined and it is specified that the field of providing physical culture and health services should be a strategic goal of reforming the work of public authorities in this direction. The current formation of economic relations in the country requires a new look at physical education and education as a specific type of social activity aimed at young people, their physical condition and health. The current state and issues of state regulation of physical culture and educational activities in the context of the actualization of public relations in Ukraine are revealed. The need to unify the mechanisms of state regulation of physical culture and educational activities in higher education institutions of Ukraine during the transformation of civil society is theoretically substantiated, which differs in the application of an integrative approach to the formation of tools of purposeful influence of the state on the development of education on new values. A set of mechanisms of state regulation of physical culture and educational activities in higher education institutions in Ukraine, including regulatory, economic, financial, organizational, socio-political, motivational, informational, educational, cultural and communicative mechanisms and outlines their content. Keywords: state regulation, development, mechanisms, physical culture and educational activity, higher education. References

The article provides a theoretical understanding of the essence of monitoring in the system of internal quality assurance in higher pedagogical education as a complex multidimensional phenomenon that integrates managerial, analytical and prognostic functions. Monitoring is seen as a key tool for implementing internal quality policy aimed at the timely identification of educational trends, risks, functional shortcomings and prospects for improving the educational system. The author argues for the feasibility of introducing a systematic approach to monitoring activities in higher education institutions, which provides feedback, increases the validity of management decisions and contributes to the formation of a culture of quality. Within the framework of the theoretical and methodological analysis, the author's system of principles for monitoring the quality of higher pedagogical education has been developed and substantiated, which serves as a holistic conceptual basis for the organisation of monitoring activities in the field of professional training of future teachers. It is noted that the principles not only define the normative and ideological framework of monitoring, but also directly influence its functional content. The proposed five-group classification of principles covers the key determinants of monitoring that ensure its scientific validity, structural and functional integrity, analytical validity, managerial efficiency, and humanistic orientation. It is shown that adherence to these principles is a prerequisite for ensuring the validity, reliability, transparency, and effectiveness of monitoring processes within the internal quality assurance system of educational activities in higher education institutions. The formulated system of monitoring principles creates a methodological basis for the comprehensive, structured, organised, and value-oriented implementation of monitoring activities in higher education institutions, which is a necessary condition for ensuring the quality of educational services.

The article analyzes the main directions for improving the activities of higher educational institutions in the context of the digital transformation of the global economic system.The author shows that in the modern period in the Republic of Uzbekistan, close attention is paid to the development of the educational sphere and, in particular, higher education. A number of regulatory documents have been adopted; a set of measures is being successfully realized to implement the President’s Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of the concept of development of the higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030”. In this publication, an analysis of literary and Internet sources on the problem of optimizing educational, pedagogic and scientific activities in a higher educational institution is carried out on the basis of improving the digital infrastructure, as well as the methods and forms of education. In addition, the article notes that digital technological solutions find their effective application not only in optimizing the dialogue between the Faculty members of the university and students, but also serve as a reliable assistant to the university leadership in monitoring the educational process and in making competent management decisions. In this article, the author presents the experience of using digital technologies at the Tashkent State Economic University. In particular, it is noted that digital technological solutions make the educational process more adaptive, complex and interesting. The use of a virtual environment provides students with tremendous opportunities for self-development and research activities. In addition, innovative technologies help students to participate in the scientific development of start-up projects together with students from other universities and practitioners.The author also notes that the experience of using digital and advanced pedagogical technologies has shown that in the modern period it is very important to combine in the educational process and in the management activities of the university both face-to-face communication of the Faculty members with students, and the use of a full range of the latest digital technologies.The purpose of this article is to study the main directions of modernization of the activities of higher educational institutions based on the optimal use of digital technologies to improve the quality of education and management processes in universities in order to prepare highly qualified specialists for the sectors and spheres of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of the digital transformation of the global economic system.Materials and methods. When writing this article, the scientific basic method of theoretical and empirical research was used: comparison of cognitive operations that underlie judgments about the similarity or difference of objects, methods of monographic research, questionnaire survey, methods of working with specialized software products, Internet sources, methods of analysis, synthesis, juxtaposition, induction, and deduction.Results. In this article, the author has proved that the formation of a digital economy contributes to the development of the digital infrastructure of the university, an increase in the level of digital competence of all participants in the educational process at the university, which in turn serves as a guarantee of the training of highly qualified specialists for various industries and spheres of the national economy and, as a result, the growth of the country’s competitiveness in the global economic market.Conclusion. This paper presents the results of studying the impact of digital technologies on the activities of higher education institutions. It is shown that the use of digital technological solutions contributes to the individualization and personalization of education, the provision of instant feedback between the lecturer and students, which in turn entails a change in the role of the lecturer in the modern educational process of the university, contributes to the development of a conscious approach to teaching by students and the elimination of fear of failures in mastering educational material. In addition, in this paper, based on the study of scientific research, it is illustrated that at present, artificial intelligence systems are gradually being introduced into the educational process, which contribute to increasing the efficiency of learning foreign languages with the help of language bots, mathematical disciplines through the personalization of learning, are well applicable as simulators for teaching medical sciences. The author also notes that fostering the importance of digital ethics and privacy is becoming a very important factor in the modern educational environment.

Aim of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the use of modern information systems in the activities of higher education institutions. The essence of information systems and the tasks they can perform are revealed. The basic components of the parts that form the internal information base are determined. The directions of the introduction of information and communication technologies in the management and educational activity of an educational institution are considered. The dependence of the information system effectiveness on the correct strategy for the development, acquisition and use of software products is determined. The article describes the ways of developing and developing information management systems in a higher educational institution It is proved that the information systems use is a prerequisite for the activity of a modern higher education institution, which will promote the adoption of sound strategic management decisions aimed at increasing competitiveness and creating an adequate and efficient infrastructure.