Abstract
The paper discusses the ways of systematization used by medieval Islamic geographers to create images of earthly space. To this end, a comparative analysis of Arab geographical works of various genres created in the 9th—14th centuries was carried out. As a result, it was found that the system of dividing the earth’s surface into latitudinal climatic zones, inherited from antiquity, turned out to be very productive in Islamic geography. It was used not only to organize information, but also to interpret it, including its value characteristics, when it turned into a social tool for dividing ecumene into zones of barbarism and civilization, which allowed to build a hierarchy of world space. The theory of climates was transferred from astronomical geography to descriptive geography, due to which a new type of geographical description was formed — zonal-climatic in form and cultural-historical in content.
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