Abstract
A group of small, insectivorous, straight-billed Hawaiian honeycreepers once regarded as forms of a single species Loxops maculata are actually five species that comprise two genera that are not closely related to any others in the subfamily or to each other. The two genera differ in color patterns, plumages, presence of nasal setae, wing/tail proportions, foraging behavior, diet, vocalizations, nest construction, odor, predator-response behavior, tongue morphology, and cranial features. In all respects wherein the Drepanidinae differ from other passerines, Oreornystis has the characteristics of the subfamily but Paroreomyza does not. Its placement among the Hawaiian honeycreepers is uncertain. Oreomystis includes two species, the Hawaii Creeper 0. mana of Hawaii and the Akikiki 0. bairdi of Kauai. Paroreomyza has three species: the Oahu Alauahio P. maculata, the Kakawahie P. jlammea of Molokai, and the Maui Alauahio P. montana with subspecies on Lanai (P. m. montana) and Maui (P. m. newtoni). The English epithet creeper should no longer be used for members of Puroreomyza.
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