Abstract
The multi-scale nature of architectured materials raises the need for advanced experimental methods suitable for the identification of their effective properties, especially when their size is finite and they undergo extreme deformations. The present work demonstrates that state-of-the art image processing methods combined with numerical and analytical models provide a comprehensive quantitative description of these solids and their global behaviour, including the influence of the boundary conditions, of the manufacturing process, and of geometric and constitutive non-linearities. To this end, an adapted multi-scale digital image correlation analysis is used to track both elongations and rotations of particular features of the unit cell at the local and global (homogenized) scale of the material. This permits to observe with unprecedented clarity the strain fields for various unit cells in the structure and to detect global deformation patterns and heterogeneities of the homogenized strain distribution. This method is here demonstrated on elastic sheets undergoing extreme longitudinal and shear deformations. These experimental results are compared to non-linear finite element simulations, which are also used to evaluate the effects of manufacturing imperfections on the response. A skeletal representation of the architectured solid is then extracted from the experiments and used to create a purely-kinematic truss-hinge model that can accurately capture its behaviour. The analysis proposed in this work can be extended to guide the design of two-dimensional architectured solids featuring other regular, quasi-regular or graded patterns, and subjected to other types of loads.
Highlights
Architectured sheets are a particular class of twodimensional solids whose patterned designs are tailored to achieve a variety of exceptional mechanical behaviours, including extreme stretchability, auxeticity and morphing capabilities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Since the strain distribution of specimen T2 is localized at the hinges of the structure, we examine whether a simple kinematic model with rigid trusses and rotating hinges is sufficient to predict the Poisson’s ratio of the structure
We have introduced a multi-scale experimental analysis designed to completely characterize the behaviour of architectured sheets undergoing extreme deformation
Summary
Architectured sheets are a particular class of twodimensional solids whose patterned designs are tailored to achieve a variety of exceptional mechanical behaviours, including extreme stretchability, auxeticity and morphing capabilities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] They are increasingly seen as applicable to fields ranging from stretchable electronics, medical and biomedical engineering [9,10,11,12,13], to the sport equipment and textile industries [14,15,16,17,18], and they have witnessed significant advances in their design and fabrication. Digitally controlled manufacturing techniques such as photo-lithography [29], 3-d printing [30, 31], water jetting [32] and laser cutting [2, 33] permit to fabricate architectured solids with unprecedented complexity and at a continuously decreasing cost.
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