Abstract
We extract the excitation energy scales of the hadron spectra in a less model-dependent method using Schottky anomaly. Schottky anomaly is a thermodynamical phenomenon that the specific heat of a system consisting of a finite number of energy levels has a peak at finite temperature due to the energy gaps. Using the masses of all hadrons that are experimentally established, we obtain the excitation energy scales of the hadron spectra and investigate their flavor dependence.
Highlights
Understanding the hadron structure is one of the important subjects in hadron physics
In the heavy meson systems, we have found two energy scales for hyperfine structure by spin-spin interaction and the orbital excitation by central potential
Comparing the results of charmonium and bottomonium, we find that the energy scale of the orbital excitation is about 440 MeV, and it is insensitive to the flavor of the heavy mesons
Summary
Understanding the hadron structure is one of the important subjects in hadron physics. To identify effective degrees of freedom in composite objects, it is good to investigate excitation modes We visualize the excitation energy scales in various hadronic spectra in a less model-dependent way by examining specific heats obtained by hadronic mass spectra. This method is used widely in different areas. Reference [7] first applied for hadron physics to extract the effective degrees of freedom of the constituent of a hadron This is based on the fact that the specific heat of a system is closely related to dynamical degrees of freedom in thermodynamics. IV is devoted to a summary of this work and future prospects
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