Systematic review on use and efficacy of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for the management of spasticity in non-pediatric patients.

Abstract

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been used to improve mobility and reduce lower extremity spasticity in patients with a various CNS conditions. Incidentally, literature on SDR has been performed in the pediatric population as such there is a paucity of research on the use in adult patients. Studies describing SDR in adults were identified from Medline and Embase databases. Combinations of search terms "Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy," "Selective Posterior Rhizotomy," and "Adult" were used. Only literature in English language on patients over the age of 18 years and that included measures for lower extremity outcome (i.e., spasticity, mobility) were included. Case reports, reviews without primary data, or inaccessible publications were excluded. One hundred twenty-nine publications between 1970 and 2019 were identified. Twelve of these publications fit the inclusion criteria (n = 141 patients). In series where it was reported, SDR resulted in ambulatory improvement (54%, n = 44 out of 81), reduced spasticity (75.2%, n = 106 out of 141), and minimized muscle and joint pain (74.5%, n = 64 out of 86). SDR also showed improvement in parameters of the activities of daily life. 92.3% (n = 48 out of 52) of patients post-SDR developed new lower limb paresthesia. The success and efficacy appear durable in the short-term, but further follow-up is necessary to validate these findings. The goal of the intervention dictates the ideal adult patient for SDR. Patients seeking ambulatory improvement, any etiology of spasticity besides MS, seem favorable. Positive locomotive predictors include the ability to isolate lower extremity function, lack of contractures, lower limb strength, and post-SDR physiotherapy.