Abstract
PurposeSimulation provides a realistic environment to learn technical and non‐technical skills for surgical trainees, without compromising patient safety. Glaucoma surgery is intricate and complex, demanding the highest order of manual dexterity and skill. Mastering the array of glaucoma procedures takes time and practice. High‐fidelity simulation offers a solution to learn this effectively in an artificial environment before operating on patients. The purpose of this study was to summarise the literature and identify simulation training models available to learn glaucoma surgery.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library were systematically searched using keywords and MeSH terms: simulation, training, education, learning, glaucoma surgery, filtering surgery, shunting surgery and MIGS. The search yielded 148 articles, these were filtered by abstract and/or title by two independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 6 articles published in English with full text available were identified. All studies used high‐fidelity simulators, a trainee cohort and tested technical skills. No study examined non‐technical skills. Three studies described wet‐lab simulators for MIGS and three studies described a mix of wet and dry‐lab simulators for trabeculectomy surgery. Three studies used human cadaveric eyes, two studies adopted pig eyes and one study employed fruit. Only one study used a validated instrument in assessing technical skills of trainees.ConclusionsSimulation provides an immersive scenario for both trainees and seniors to practice procedural techniques that increase expertise, reduce cognitive load and improve patient safety. There is a limited number of models for simulation training in glaucoma surgery, impeding the ability of trainees to learn evolving surgical techniques. Further work is required in producing high‐fidelity, but cost‐effective simulators in glaucoma surgery to train technical and non‐technical skills.
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