Abstract
As agricultural production in African countries intensifies; pesticide utilization becomes more widespread and the users are extremely exposed to these pesticides due to lack of pesticide registration scheme; importing highly toxic pesticides; no national plan for pesticide residue; involvement of children and women. The purpose of this systematic review was to review adverse effect of pesticide among top ten imported African countries. In this review, top ten importers African countries were selected based of imported amount for ten years were considered from imported period of 2002 to 2017. The articles were searched from PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and MEDLINE and EMBASE engines. The first leading three continents for pesticides exported were European (48.2%), Asian (33.7%) and North America (12.7%), while the countries were China (14.3%), Germany (11.8%) and United States (11.5%) at the end of 2017. The first three leading importer of African countries were South Africa shared (25.7%), Nigeria (15.8%) and Ghana (14.5%). The three major imported pesticides were Fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. In this review, Ethiopia (827), Kenya (801), and Morocco (542) are the main importers of pesticides until end of 2017. The review also found that farmers were faced with endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, cardiovascular, dermatitis and birth defects. The main associated factor for these problems were low awareness, improper handling of pesticide, and lack of training, and careless disposal of empty pesticides containers. The study concluded that more than one billion US$ of pesticides sales was carried out into ten African countries. The farmers within these country were faced different health problems due to different determinant factors. Proper training and education should be advised for farmers 
 Keywords: Adverse effect, African countries, Import, Pesticide
Highlights
MATERIAL AND METHODSSelection Criterial of Sites: Top ten importers of African Countries were selected based on Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical database (FOA, 2014)
As agricultural production in African countries intensifies; pesticide utilization becomes more widespread and the users are extremely exposed to these pesticides due to lack of pesticide registration scheme; importing highly toxic pesticides; no national plan for pesticide residue; involvement of children and women
Some Pesticides, example, insecticides combat insect growth or survival, herbicides act against plants, weeds, and grasses, rodenticides tight against rats and other rodents, avicides act against bird populations, fungicides attack fungi, and nematicides combat nematodes (Nicolopoulou, 2016)
Summary
Selection Criterial of Sites: Top ten importers of African Countries were selected based on Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical database (FOA, 2014). Information reviewed and the bibliographies of articles were identified further eligible criterial in each countries using Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, Index Medicus/WHO/EMdR, Elsevier, Cochrane Library from 2003 to 2019. Article Screened Process: Figure shows that a total of 210 articles and texts were collected based on the following key words: adverse, effect, pesticide, farmers and included African countries, and 43 articles and texts published between 2002 and 2019 were reviewed. Exports by country totaled US$36.5 billion at the end of 2017. The data bases and the extracted documents were evaluated and checked to make the study more valid and reliable. European countries generated the highest international sales from exported pesticides during 2018 (at the end of 2017) valued at $17.6 billion or almost half (48.2%) of the global total. Different Kits were used for detection pesticide in blood, crops and food were used
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