Systematic review of various 3D volume construction algorithms adopted in isocentric C-arm devices

Abstract

C-arm systems are well established in clinical routines which produces two- dimensional (2D) projection images, which are not sufficient to provide the depth information required by surgeons during interventional procedures. Due to this, the procedural time and radiation dosage are significantly higher which leads to increased procedural cost. In order to extract depth information from 2D projection images acquired with stepwise rotation between 0 to 180 degrees, various 3D volume construction algorithms are developed. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the various 3D volume construction algorithms in order to develop a cost-effective solution to be incorporated in the iso-centric C-arm machines without 3D volume construction algorithms. The proposed review process is done in the following aspects: i. State-of-the-art 3D volume construction algorithms ii. Comparing the different aspects of commercially available iso- centric C-arm machines incorporated with 3D volume construction algorithms. The impact of various 3D construction algorithms in improving different aspects such as image quality, resolution, procedure time, radiation dose, and accuracy of the final 3D model is discussed. Based on the findings we recommend a procedure to develop and validate a 3D volume construction algorithm. 3D volume construction from C-arm images helps to construct Multi Planar Reconstruction (MPR) views during interventional procedures which will provide in-depth information and minimize the procedure time, cost, and dosage to the patient.