Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives This systemic review qualitatively synthesizes existing psychometric support for the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination, a cognitive screening measure which presents as a free alternative to other widely used dementia screening measures including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Methods A total of 90 peer-reviewed articles on the SLUMS were identified from PsycINFO and PubMed databases. Results Sixty-eight records were identified and reviewed by the lead author for eligibility. Studies that included at least one psychometric property of the SLUMS (n = 20) were included in this review. Conclusions Support for the SLUMS remains preliminary; however, it appears to have adequate validity, and adequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment. Numerous shortcomings were identified, including lack of sufficient normative data, information on test-reliability, explored factor structure, and limited application of criterion measures (e.g., imaging studies, biomarkers). Research is needed to establish diverse normative samples and describe the reliability and validity of the SLUMS to strengthen the empirical support for its use. Clinical Implications Until its psychometric properties are better established the SLUMS should be used cautiously when screening for cognitive impairment.