Systematic Review of Surgery in Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Advanced Gynecological and Gastrointestinal Cancer

Abstract

Objective.The objective was to locate, appraise, and summarize evidence from scientific studies on intestinal obstruction due to advanced gynecological and gastrointestinal cancer in order to assess the efficacy of surgery.Materials and methods. Data sources: A comprehensive list of studies was provided by an extensive search of electronic databases, relevant journals, bibliographic databases, conference proceedings, reference lists, the gray literature, personal contact, and the worldwide web. Data synthesis: Two researchers extracted the data independently. Due to the methodological quality of the studies, only a qualitative assessment was possible.Results. The role of surgery in malignant bowel obstruction remains controversial, and no firm conclusions from the many retrospective case series can be made. Control of symptoms varies from 42% to over 80%, although it is often unclear how symptoms were measured and whether the symptom scores used are validated. There is a large range in the rates of reobstruction, from 10 to 50%, although time to reobstruction was often not included. There is a wide range of postoperative morbidity and mortality, although again the definition of both of these surgical outcomes varied among many of the papers.Conclusion. The role of surgery in malignant bowel obstruction needs careful evaluation, using validated outcome measures on symptom control and quality of life scores. Further information would include reobstruction rates together with the morbidity associated with the various surgical procedures. Currently, bowel obstruction is managed empirically, and there are marked variations in clinical practice by different units. There needs to be a greater standardization of management so that comparisons between different series can be made.