Abstract
BackgroundSeveral screening tools are available for use in a clinical setting to predict injury. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the accuracy of these tools to predict soccer-specific injuries.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine the psychometric properties or accuracy of screening tools for common soccer injuries.MethodsA systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy was undertaken based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) procedure for conducting systematic reviews. Databases such as SPORT Discus, Cinahl, Medline, Science Direct, PubMed and grey literature were searched in order to access suitable studies.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included for the analysis – three were analysed quantitatively whilst the remaining seven were analysed qualitatively. The screening tools were of high reliability, sensitivity and specificity (calculated as intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] (0.68 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–0.84 and 0.64 95% CI: 0.61–0.66, respectively).ConclusionThe screening tools assessed for the prediction of common soccer injuries that emerged from this systematic review include the Functional Movement Screening (FMS™), the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), the Tuck Jump Assessment, the Soccer Injury Movement Screening (SIMS) and the conventional hamstrings to quadriceps ratio; all with good evidence of predicting common soccer injuries. These tools were of high sensitivity and specificity thus reliable for soccer screening.Clinical implicationsThe validity of these tools is acceptable and therefore the authors recommend that these tools be included in an injury prevention programme for soccer players.
Highlights
Van Mechelen et al.’s sequence of prevention model states that by constant assessment, injury mechanisms and risk factors are identified, highlighting the fact that collecting and recording of data is a core approach for preventing injuries (Van Mechelen, Hlobil & Kemper 1992)
Several screening tools are available for use in the clinical setting; these include: the Functional Movement Screening (FMSTM) tools, Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), Y-Balance Test, Star Excursion Balance Test, Drop Jump Screening Test and the Tuck Jump Analysis (Chimera & Warren 2016; Lai et al 2017)
The results showed that the sit and reach test, lumbar spine extension ROM, active hip internal ROM, active hip external ROM, passive straight-leg raise, active knee extension test and active slump test are reliable to use as pre-participation screening tools for sport participants
Summary
Van Mechelen et al.’s sequence of prevention model states that by constant assessment, injury mechanisms and risk factors are identified, highlighting the fact that collecting and recording of data is a core approach for preventing injuries (Van Mechelen, Hlobil & Kemper 1992). Several screening tools are available for use in the clinical setting; these include: the Functional Movement Screening (FMSTM) tools, Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), Y-Balance Test, Star Excursion Balance Test, Drop Jump Screening Test and the Tuck Jump Analysis (Chimera & Warren 2016; Lai et al 2017). These screening tools only recently received researchers’ attention, there is a dearth of data regarding their applicability, validity and reliability (Chimera & Warren 2016). There is a lack of evidence regarding the accuracy of these tools to predict soccerspecific injuries
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