Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to analyze the frequency and efficacy of experimental studies with antioxidant therapy. A search was conducted in the pubmed.gov database using the keywords "antioxidants" AND "spinal cord injury", from January 2000 to December 2015, resulting in 686 articles. Studies of non-traumatic injuries, non-antioxidant therapies, absence of neurological and functional evaluation, and non-experimental studies were excluded, leaving a total of 43 articles. The most used therapies were melatonin (16.2%), quercetin (9.3%), epigallocatechin and edaravone (6.9%). The most frequent route of administration was intraperitoneal (72.09%). The dose and mode of administration varied greatly, with a single dose being the most commonly used (39.53%). The time elapsed from trauma to treatment was 0-15 minutes (41.8%), 15-60 minutes (30%) and over 60 minutes (10.6%). Histological analysis was performed in 32 studies (74.41%). The BBB scale was the main functional measure applied (55.8%), followed by the inclined plane test (16.2%) and the Tarlov scale (13.9%). Positive outcomes were observed in 37 studies (86.04%). The heterogeneity of antioxidant therapy, with different types, doses, and measurements observed, limits the comparison of efficacy. Standardized protocols are required to make clinical translation possible.
Highlights
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can occur by traumatic or ischemic event
After SCI, the inflammatory response occurs by cellular activation in order to reorganize the damaged tissue
Antioxidant therapy seeks to minimize the cellular effects of hypoxia and ischemia, leading to a better functional outcome after trauma.[1,2,3,4]
Summary
Cellular necrosis and tissue degeneration are the secondary events, caused mainly by hypoxia and ischemia.[1,2] A reduction in blood flow and microvascular abnormalities were demonstrated, leading to an increase in intracellular free radical species.[3,4] Lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane has a novel role in the pathophysiology of neuronal lesion.[2]. There is no effective treatment to prevent the secondary damage caused by SCI.[5] Corticosteroids were used to reduce edema formation and inflammatory events, with controversial results.[3,6,7,8,9] Investigations to find a specific therapy to control the formation of free radicals are ongoing.[10] The role of antioxidant drugs and hyperbaric oxygenic therapy is being discussed.[11,12]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
