Systematic Review of Endovascular, Surgical, and Conservative Options for Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms and Cardiac Considerations

Abstract

IntroductionWith rising rates of intravenous drug use, Infectious Intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) are a relevant topic for investigation. We performed a systematic review to better understand current practice patterns and limits of current published literature. Method131 publications with a total of 499 patients (665 aneurysms) were included. Of the 499 patients, 83 were single case reports, and 20.5% of the total had multiple aneurysms. 35.8% of all aneurysms were ruptured. Of those reporting treatment, options included conservative antibiotic therapy (30.0%), open surgical intervention (31.1%), and endovascular occlusion (31.8%). Chronologically, publication of IIAs has increased. Usage of endovascular therapies has grown, while conservative and surgical management have declined in the literature. Overall, 56.2% of aneurysms for which conservative therapy was initiated eventually either underwent intervention or death of patient occurred. ResultsThe issue of cardiac valve surgery in relationship to aneurysm therapy was discussed in 20.8% (80 patients) of all 384 infectious endocarditis patients; of which 15.0% (12) underwent valve surgery before aneurysm treatment and 85.0 patients (68)% underwent valve surgery after aneurysm treatment. For 51 of the patients where valve surgery followed aneurysm management, the corresponding aneurysm treatment modality could be determined; 58.8% (30) of whom were managed endovascularly. 32.7% (26) of all cases reporting cardiac surgery details underwent cardiac surgery during their admission with the IIA. ConclusionsOverall, increasing trend of endovascular management of IIAs is evident, and a strong temporal preference exhibited by providers to perform cardiac surgery subsequently to IIA management.