Systematic review and meta-analysis: Transient elastography compared to liver biopsy for staging of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis

Abstract

Introduction and ObjectivesPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease, with 60% of patients being asymptomatic at diagnosis and 30% progressing rapidly into liver fibrosis. Liver biopsy is standard for staging fibrosis, but performance of non-invasive methods such as transient elastography (TE) have not been evaluated. We conducted a meta-analysis of articles up to May 2022 to evaluate the performance of TE compared with liver biopsy in adult patients with PBC. Materials and MethodsTwo reviewers performed the search and assessed which articles were included. The quality of each study was evaluated according to QUADAS-2 and NOS. Meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity was conducted with a bivariate random-effects model. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID CRD42020199915. ResultsFour studies involving 377 patients were included. Only stages F3 and F4 were computed in the meta-analysis. TE had a pooled sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 92% for stage F3 and a pooled sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 94% for stage F4. The AUROC curves were 0.91 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.88–0.93) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98) for stages F3 and F4, respectively. The mean cut-off points of TE for stage F3 were 9.28 kPa (95% CI 4.98–13.57) and for stage F4 were 15.2 kPa (95% CI 7.02–23.37). ConclusionsTE performance compared with liver biopsy in adult patients with PBC was excellent for staging liver fibrosis and was able to rule out cirrhosis in clinical practice.