Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on BD-IPMNS progression to malignancy

Abstract

BackgroundThe vast majority of presumed branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) of the pancreas are referred to a surveillance program due to the relatively low risk of malignancy. We aim to evaluate all available data from observational studies focused on the risks of BD-IPMN progression and malignancy to provide vital insights into its management in clinical practice. MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted at PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase for observational studies published before January 1st, 2020. The progression of BD-IPMN was defined as the development of worrisome features (WFs) or high-risk stigmata (HRS) during surveillance. Overall malignancy was defined as all malignancies, such as malignant IPMN, concomitant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other malignancies, including BD-IPMN with high-grade sec. Baltimore consensus 2015 or BD-IPMN with high-grade dysplasia (carcinoma in situ) sec. WHO 2010. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the presence of a mural nodule as a possible predictor of malignancy. ResultsTwenty-four studies were included, with a total of 8941 patients with a presumed BD-IPMN. The progression rate was 20.2%, and 11.8% underwent surgery, 29.5% of whom showed malignancy at the final pathology. Of those, 78% had malignant IPMNs, and 22% had concomitant pancreatic cancer. Overall, 0.5% had distant metastasis. The meta-analysis showed that the risk of malignancy in the presence of a mural nodule >5 mm had a RR of 5.457 (95% CI 1.404–21.353), while a nonenhancing mural nodule or an enhancing mural nodule < 5 mm had a RR of 5.286 (95% CI 1.805–15.481) of harboring malignancy. ConclusionMost presumed BD-IPMNs entering surveillance do not become malignant. Of those submitted to surgery, concomitant PDAC adds to the overall risk of detecting malignancy.