Abstract
BackgroundTaenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis has been well studied in several countries. Brazil is one of the most important beef exporting countries and has one of the highest cattle population size in the world. In this country, bovine cysticercosis (BCC) remains the most frequent reported zoonosis detected during post-mortem inspection, resulting in costs for the beef sector and public health. We performed a systematic literature review regarding data about BCC epidemiology in Brazil and meta-analyses for its prevalence in different administrative regions and the distribution over time, and based on this discussed possible control strategies.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to obtain data about BCC in Brazil using the words “bovine cysticercosis” and “Brazil” to construct the search phrase. The inclusion criteria used to select articles were: (i) published from 2000 to 2018; (ii) full text available online in Portuguese or English; and (iii) contain information at least regarding one of the following aspects of BCC in Brazil: prevalence, incidence, spatial distribution, risk-factors, economic burden and measures for control.ResultsA set of 42 articles was included, covering the prevalence of BCC in Brazil, ranging between 0.01–18.75%. Prevalence results of 40 articles were included in a meta-analysis per administrative region. The highest prevalence was found in the South (3.4%; 95% CI: 2.0–5.2%), followed by the Southeast (2.7%; 95% CI: 1.9–3.6%), Northeast (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.6–2.7%), Central-western (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3–1.7%) and North (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0–0.6%) region. In addition, a reduction in prevalence over time was observed in all the evaluated states except for Alagoas and Pará.ConclusionsBesides the large availability of data, a critical lack of information about BCC epidemiology remains in Brazil. Nevertheless, the available data on prevalence, high risk-areas and risk factors should contribute to a better understanding of transmission and the formulation of recommendations for control. A One Health approach will be required to reduce T. saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis prevalence and the consequent economic burden for the beef sector in Brazil, one of the most important beef exporters in the world.
Highlights
Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis has been well studied in several countries
bovine cysticercosis (BCC) remains endemic in Brazil, with frequent detection during meat inspection resulting in a high economic burden for the beef sector [11]
We found articles containing information about the spatial distribution of BCC inside/within the states (Table 1), articles describing risk factors or variables associated with BCC occurrence (Table 2) and 4 describing the economic burden of BCC [7, 22, 28, 30]
Summary
Brazil is one of the most important beef exporting countries and has one of the highest cattle population size in the world. In this country, bovine cysticercosis (BCC) remains the most frequent reported zoonosis detected during post-mortem inspection, resulting in costs for the beef sector and public health. For control and prevention of human infections, post-mortem examinations are performed in cattle slaughterhouses The latter result in economic burden due to inspection costs, carcass condemnation, costs related to carcass treatment according to national regulations (freezing, drying or canning), the non-export of beef and penalties imposed on farmers supplying cattle infected with cysticercosis [7, 8]. From a public health perspective, a relatively high number of taeniosis cases has been described [13, 14], which confirms the food safety issue and requires urgent control [7]
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