Abstract
Cannabinoids have promising therapeutic potential. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most important psychotropic active ingredient of Cannabis Sativa L, has been the subject of several chemical, pharmacological and biosynthetic studies. In this context, a meta-analysis of biotechnological processes applied to the production of recombinant cannabinoid THC worldwide was carried out. The objective was to highlight the potential of these processes on the Moroccan variety of Cannabis Sativa. The PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science search motors were used to search for original scientific work presenting biotechnological tools used in the production of THC. The scientific articles exploited are those published before the end of 2020. Succinct analysis of the experimental work performed showed that expression of the gene encoding Cannabis Sativa L. THCA synthase was performed on prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Currently, no functional expression could be obtained in E. coli. Whereas, production of recombinant protein (THCA Synthase) associated with significant enzymatic activity was obtained in P. pastoris cultures (F. Saccharomycetaceae). The exploitation of the sequences showed the presence of a large similarity between the THCA Synthase gene of cannabis Sativa of the Moroccan variety and the mRNA precursor of the same gene reported in several studies. This will allow us to use a specific signal sequence of choice for an adopted expression host, in order to produce the recombinant THCA synthase enzyme from the Moroccan Cannabis Sativa L strain on P. pastoris cultures.
Highlights
Cannabis, Native to Central Asia, is a plant apparent to the Cannabaceae family, is one of the oldest psychotropic drugs known to humanity
This study was carried out on the one hand, to review previous work concerning the production of recombinant THCAS and on the other hand, to compare the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase gene isolated from the resin of Moroccan Cannabis Sativa (JQ437481. 1) corresponds to 1635 nucleotides with the Cannabis Sativa mRNA precursor of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (AB057805.1) corresponds to 1885 nucleotides
Hairy roots do not secrete the cannabinoid Δ-9tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase, about half of the THCA produced was in the culture medium (Table 1), which is explained by cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) absorption and THCA liberation regarding tobacco cells
Summary
Native to Central Asia, is a plant apparent to the Cannabaceae family, is one of the oldest psychotropic drugs known to humanity. It was agreed that the first use of cannabis (cultivation and consumption) dates back to the Neolithic area since 4000 BC according to recent archaeological findings in China [2]. Some historical resources are consistent with the fact that the Emperor of China, Shên-nung 2000 BC, discoverer of tea and ephedrine, was the first to describe the psychotropic properties in his collection of Chinese medicinal herbs ‘Pen-ts'ao Ching’. It has been used as a hallucinogen for ritual practices, analgesics for therapeutic virtues and as anesthetic in surgical operations [3]. It spread to India from China [4]
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