Abstract
The identity of Eulachnus cembrae Borner, 1950, stat. rev. from Europe, treated as a synonym of E. pumilae Inouye, 1939 from East Asia is clarified based on characters of sexual morphs. The oviparous female and alate male forms of E. pumilae are described and figured in detail for the first time and the poorly known sexual forms of E. cembrae are redescribed and figured in detail as well. Sexual morphs of the two similar species are compared, and significant differences clearly distinguishing those species are presented. A key to the identification of oviparous females and males of E. cembrae and E. pumilae as well as notes on host plants and distribution of these species are provided. The status of E. pumilae in the European aphid-fauna is clarified. Morphological characters of the sexual generation that may be useful for species identification are discussed.
Highlights
The Palaearctic genus Eulachnus Del Guercio, 1909 comprises about 13–18 species of small, narrow-bodied aphids, of which about 12 are known from Europe
Many of these uncertainties at species level in aphid taxonomy might be resolved by studying morphs other than apterous and alate viviparous females, especially the sexual generation, which have strictly-established species characters and are likely to vary much less than the parthenogenetic forms (Hille Ris Lambers 1966; Wieczorek et al 2013b)
This applies to E. cembrae, E. pumilae and E. piniarmandifoliae Zhang from China, which form a separate group within the genus Eulachnus characterized by the absence of dorsal scleroites at the base of thoracic and abdominal setae
Summary
The Palaearctic genus Eulachnus Del Guercio, 1909 comprises about 13–18 species of small, narrow-bodied aphids, of which about 12 are known from Europe. Taxa from the genus Eulachnus are good examples for species and species-groups of unclear identity (Blackman and Eastop 2014) Such an example is the species pair E. pumilae Inouye, 1939 and E. cembrae Börner, 1950, stat. E. pumilae was described by Inouye (1939) from Hokkaido (Japan) from Pinus pumila, whereas Börner (1950) described E. cembrae from the Eastern Alps from P. cembra Many authors treated those two species as synonyms (Inouye 1970; Ghosh 1982; Blackman and Eastop 1994). In the Fauna Europaea E. pumilae is recorded as European species (Nieto Nafría et al 2014), known only from Slovakia (Goffova and Wojciechowski 2013)
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