Systematic One Health Approach for Control of Avian Influenza in Kerala

Abstract

Avian influenza outbreak has become an annual event in Kerala, especially at Alappuzha district, from last decade. Enough vulnerable birds and favourable factors are present for the avian influenza viruses to cycle in Kerala. Geographical location and the presence of migratory birds are suspected to be a major factor contributing to frequent avian influenza outbreaks in this region. Other factors suspecting to contribute to the outbreak are unorganized poultry production and marketing sectors and delay of timely preparedness and coordinated efforts among stakeholders. Some states face a lack of structured surveillance, insufficient laboratory capacity in handling the HPAI (high pathogenic avian Influenza) virus, lack of public outreach on risk communication that leads to specific constraints that add to the occurrence of HPAI and delay in control. The realistic goal for eliminating avian influenza outbreak based on Kerala experience is suggested in this study. In Kerala, control measures were achieved through early detection of viruses through thorough surveillance and monitoring, integrating and transforming poultry production in a more scientific manner, emphasizing biosecurity measures and establishing one health team and coordinating the efforts among all the stakeholders.