Systematic Lymphadenectomy and Oncological Outcomes of Women With Apparent Early-Stage Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium: A Multi-Institutional Cohort Study

Abstract

ObjectiveThe survival value of systematic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer is ambiguous and controversial. The current study aimed to evaluate the long-term survival role of combined pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with presumed early-stage clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium.MethodsPatients in three Chinese teaching hospitals who presented between 2012 and 2017 with apparent early-stage clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium and underwent surgical staging were selected. Patients who did and did not undergo systematic lymphadenectomy were identified and clinicopathological characteristics were compared. Disease-free survival and overall survival were evaluated following the generation of the Kaplan-Meier curves and the comparison using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to control for confounders.ResultsA total of 244 patients underwent systematic lymphadenectomy and 89 did not receive lymph node dissection. The demographic and baseline data were comparable between the two groups. The rate of disease-free survival at 5 years was 64.10% in patients who underwent systematic lymphadenectomy and 45.05% in patients who did not undergo lymphadenectomy. Patients who underwent systematic lymphadenectomy had better disease-free survival than those who did not receive lymphadenectomy (HR, 0.54. 95% CI, 0.38-0.76. P=0.000). The rate of 5-year overall survival was 68.87% in the lymphadenectomy group and 53.33% in patients who did not undergo systematic lymphadenectomy. Systematic lymphadenectomy was also associated with improved 5-year overall survival for women with presumed early-stage clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium (HR, 0.58. 95% CI, 0.39-0.85. P=0.005). After adjusting for confounders, systematic lymphadenectomy was still independently associated with improved disease-free survival and overall survival.ConclusionPatients with apparent early-stage clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium who underwent systematic lymphadenectomy had better long-term survival than those who did not undergo systematic lymphadenectomy.