Abstract
Multi-metallic alloy nanoparticles (MNPs) can offer valuable opportunities to meet the various demands of applications. MNPs consist of various noble metallic elements can combine diverse electronic, optical and catalytic properties in a single NP configuration, thus taking the advantage of each element. In this paper, the fabrication of tri- and quad- metallic alloy NPs with noble elements (Ag, Au, Pd and Pt) and the corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance (LPSR) properties are systematically demonstrated. Tri- and quad-metallic alloy NPs come in various size and configurations by the solid-state dewetting of Ag/Au/Pd/Pt quad-layers on sapphire (0001). Tri-metallic AuPdPt NPs are demonstrated by the systematic control of growth temperature along with the significant Ag atom sublimation. Strongly enhanced and tunable LPSR is exerted in the UV-VIS regions depending upon the size, configuration, spacing and elemental composition of the MNPs. The size dependent LSPR response of MNPs is discussed based on the absorption and scattering along with the excitation of dipolar, quadrupolar, high order and multipolar resonance modes. The MNPs exhibit much stronger and dynamic LSPR bands as compared with the monometallic Pt and Pd NPs with the comparable size and configurations.
Highlights
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) offered by the noble metallic NPs has been an intensive area of research and utilized in various fields to increase absorption and scattering of selective wavelength, which can effectively enhance the energy conversion efficiency in solar cells, light scattering in LEDs, photocatalytic activity in fuel cells and sensitivity in the biological sensors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
The average surface height and roughness of as-deposited multilayer film was less than 5 nm in S2 Fig. Since the annealing temperature (Ta) was lower than the melting point of all elements utilized, the formation of metallic alloy nanoparticles (MNPs) can be expected to occur based on the solid-state dewetting (SSD) of the quad-layer films
During the deposition of multiple metal layers, the metal atoms can enter in the existing vacany of the underlying layer to form partially intermixed interface, which can be further intermixed upon annealing due to the interdiffusion of atoms
Summary
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) offered by the noble metallic NPs has been an intensive area of research and utilized in various fields to increase absorption and scattering of selective wavelength, which can effectively enhance the energy conversion efficiency in solar cells, light scattering in LEDs, photocatalytic activity in fuel cells and sensitivity in the biological sensors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Systematic investigation on quad-metallic AgAuPdPt and tri-metallic AuPdPt NPs
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