Abstract
In Ne − CO2 mixtures, excitation energy of Ne atom can be used to ionize CO2 molecule by the mechanisms called Penning transfers. In the present work, we have measured the gas gain systematically in various Ne − CO2 mixtures (Ne + 0.6 − 60% CO2) at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.8 atm. The experimental data have been fitted to investigate the Penning energy transfer rates and the secondary processes playing a role in avalanche formations.
Highlights
Excitation induced ionizationsCollision of a free electron with a neutral noble gas atom (A) may cause the following basic mechanisms: e− + A → e− + e− + A+ e− + A → e− + A∗
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In the mixtures containing an admixture with ionization potential lower than the excited states of the noble gas, additional ionization processes can lead to electron enhancements
Summary
Collision of a free electron with a neutral noble gas atom (A) may cause the following basic mechanisms: e− + A → e− + e− + A+ e− + A → e− + A∗. Region 1: Additional electrons via the mechanism (1.3) can be created in the same place where the excited noble gas atoms are created, at a distance smaller than 1/α (α is the Townsend coefficient) In this case, the effect of these extra electrons on gas gain can not be distinguished from those produced in the Townsend ionization process (1.1). Region 2: The extra electron formations can take place at a distance from the point where excitations occurred but again in the multiplication region The effect of such additional electrons on avalanche multiplication is smaller than those produced in the impact ionization zone since the electric field in the cylindrical chamber becomes non-uniformly weaker away from the anode wire. The main parameter was the Penning energy transfer rate and the second fit parameter was used to define over-exponential increase in the gas gain curves
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