Abstract
Due to the rapid growth in power consumption of domestic and industrial appliances, distributed energy generation units face difficulties in supplying power efficiently. The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) provides a solution to these problems using appropriate management schemes to achieve optimal operation. Furthermore, to lessen the uncertainties of distributed energy management systems, a decentralized energy management system named virtual power plant (VPP) plays a significant role. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 65 existing different VPP optimization models, techniques, and algorithms based on their system configuration, parameters, and control schemes. Moreover, the paper categorizes the discussed optimization techniques into seven different types, namely conventional technique, offering model, intelligent technique, price-based unit commitment (PBUC) model, optimal bidding, stochastic technique, and linear programming, to underline the commercial and technical efficacy of VPP at day-ahead scheduling at the electricity market. The uncertainties of market prices, load demand, and power distribution in the VPP system are mentioned and analyzed to maximize the system profits with minimum cost. The outcome of the systematic categorization is believed to be a base for future endeavors in the field of VPP development.
Highlights
The increasing demand for power in the electricity market and adverse effects in the environment introduce distributed energy resources (DERs) as the alternative to the conventional power generation system
The potentiality of combined heat and power (CHP) can be utilized with virtual power plant (VPP) to generate more power and fulfill the power demands [25]. It analyzes the amount of power and gas consumption and presents a business model (BM) to optimally operate and distribute power in the energy market based on the technical aspects
It formulates a notion about the number of DERs and energy storage systems (ESSs) that can be optimally connected to VPP based on the technical and economic aspects
Summary
The increasing demand for power in the electricity market and adverse effects in the environment introduce distributed energy resources (DERs) as the alternative to the conventional power generation system. A comparative review of different VPP is provided in [21] based on optimization feasibility, technical and economic aspects, security, data, and intelligent management platform. The potentiality of combined heat and power (CHP) can be utilized with VPP to generate more power and fulfill the power demands [25] It analyzes the amount of power and gas consumption and presents a BM to optimally operate and distribute power in the energy market based on the technical aspects. The study determines the real-time values of the different parameters in the power distribution system It formulates a notion about the number of DERs and ESS that can be optimally connected to VPP based on the technical and economic aspects.
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