Systematic Approach to Links between Separations in MEKC and Reversed-Phase HPLC

Abstract

Retention factors and partition coefficients in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) are compared for a series of alkylbenzenes and substituted phenols. In both techniques, separations are based on partitioning between an aqueous phase and an alkyl phase. In MEKC, this was an SDS (C12) micellar pseudostationary phase, and in RP-HPLC an ODS 2 (C18) stationary phase. A nonporous silica (Micra 1.5-μm NPS), which has a low carbon loading, was used rather than a standard porous silica to avoid excessive retention in HPLC and to allow identical mobile phase conditions to be used in both separation modes. The average ratio of analyte retention factors, k(MEKC):k(HPLC), was found to be equal to the ratio β(MEKC):β(HPLC), where β is the phase ratio. This implies that partition coefficients, P, are similar in both MEKC and HPLC, since P = k/β, and that the dominant contribution to stability within each alkyl phase arises from hydrophobic interactions which are common to both separation media. Since partition coefficients are similar in MEKC and HPLC under aqueous buffer conditions, information on retention in one technique may be transferred to the other, provided that the phase ratios are known. In MEKC and HPLC, linear correlations of log octanol-water partition coefficients, K(ow), vs log k for the test compounds were transformed, knowing the phase ratio, to give log P values as a function of log K(ow). This allows quantitative links between MEKC and HPLC to be extended to include octanol-water partitioning. The addition of acetonitrile as an organic modifier over the concentration range 0-20% (v/v) was found to have a greater effect on k in HPLC than in MEKC. This could be a result of a decrease in the MEKC phase ratio due to an increase in the critical micelle concentration.