Abstract
The ever-increasing morbidity and mortality of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) urgently demands updated biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis by regulating their target genes’ expression. In kidney cancers, miRNAs have been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and to be the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic response biomarkers. Here, we performed a systematic analysis for ccRCC-related miRNAs as biomarkers by searching keywords in the NCBI PubMed database and found 118 miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers, 28 miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers, and 80 miRNAs as therapeutic biomarkers in ccRCC. miRNA-21, miRNA-155, miRNA-141, miRNA-126, and miRNA-221, as significantly differentially expressed miRNAs between cancer and normal tissues, play extensive roles in the cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis of ccRCC. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these miRNAs’ target genes through Metascape showed these target genes are enriched in Protein Domain Specific Binding (GO:0019904). In this paper, we identified highly specific miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ccRCC and explored their potential applications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ccRCC.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) contributed by malignant proliferation of the tubular epithelial cells is the most common malignant tumor in the kidney [1]
CcRCC is the most common subtype of RCC with poor prognosis and accounts for nearly 80% of RCC. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs which mainly function at the post transcriptional levels
Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs participate in tumorigenesis and metastasis [10, 19]
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) contributed by malignant proliferation of the tubular epithelial cells is the most common malignant tumor in the kidney [1]. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent histological subtype of RCC [3], accounting for nearly 80% of RCC [2]. For ccRCC patients with advanced stage or cancer recurrence, several molecule-targeted drugs including sunitinib, sorafenib, and aldesleukin have been used as the clinical first-line therapy [8], which has greatly improved the patients’ survival time compared with chemoradiotherapy. More novel effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers need to be developed for ccRCC patients to guide personalized therapies [3, 9]
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