Abstract
Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.
Highlights
The genus Nyctalus (Bowdich, 1825) includes seven species N. noctula, N. leisleri, N. lasiopterus, N. planci, N. azoreum, N. montanus and N. velutinus
It is believed that these species migrate to Pakistan in summer, specimens were collected from the Murree Hills as late as 8th November
The District Swat Kohistan species were collected on 1st September, hunting in open area Walton did not find its roost
Summary
The genus Nyctalus (Bowdich, 1825) includes seven species N. noctula, N. leisleri, N. lasiopterus, N. planci, N. azoreum, N. montanus and N. velutinus. The same species ranges from low elevation plains (Ruczynski and Ruczynska, 2000) up to mountain forests in Europe (Hruz et al, 2000; Spitzenberger and Bauer, 2001) It is migratory species in Europe and occurred in northern Himalayan region of Pakistan (Walker et al, 1964). The District Swat Kohistan species were collected on 1st September, hunting in open area Walton did not find its roost It was collected from Palgham in Indian Kashmir from Kumaon and Simla further east, so it have fairly widely distributed in the better forested regions of Himalayans. On 18th March a male was reported near Jalalabad which are very active sexually (Gaisler, 1970) This medium sized insectivorous bat specializes with aerial for fast hawking and their body (forearm length 40-47 mm, body mass 9-20g was reviewed by Bogdanowicz and Ruprecht, 2004). The purpose of present study is to broaden the scope to understanding about the morphology and distribution of N. leisleri in Pakistan
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