Abstract
This article is devoted to the problem of cognition and understanding of the essence of state power. Actualization is carried out by searching for a new paradigm approach in order to determine the fundamental principles that are correlated with the idea to optimize and increase the efficiency of the corresponding sphere of public relations. Acting as an alternative to the substantial and relativistic approach to the study of state power, the system-synergetic approach analyzes the phenomenon of power based on the definition of system, within which the functions of communication and regulation of public relations are assigned to power. As a result, power is seen as a property or function of a social, in particular, political system, the need for which is determined by the presence of society itself and the task of maintaining its integrity. The analysis allows stating that in most modern concepts there is a consistent rejection of the traditional interpretation of power as the result of subject-object relations, where the subject of power is an active, energetic principle, and the object undergoes impact. In contrast to the position of traditionalism, there is a tendency to interpret power as a complex polysystem permeating the entire social structure of society. As a structural and synergistic effect of the system, power is not a property of its individual element, since each element must certainly be correlated with other units of the given system. Power is an intrasystem relatedness of all elements. As a structural principle, power is realized on the basis of equivalent exchange, which means not the equivalence of the exchanged elements, but a situation in which one element is unconceivable without the other, i.e. one element exists in relation to the other, and co-develops with it. Thus, power really fulfills the function of streamlining socio-political ties, making their separation and differentiation expedient. Power, therefore, is the beginning, creating structures, increasing heterogeneities in a continuous social environment and connecting them together. Such a view allows interpreting power as a principle of functioning of the state system: if the state system, with the help of some value proposition, manages to reproduce the corresponding content of consciousness, then it functions quite stably.
Highlights
Power is one of the central concepts of state science, social philosophy and political theory
For example, is understood as the ability to determine the social space of others (Tishkov, 1995:6), as a form, regulation and control, a way of mastering and directing energy (Kubbel, 1988:16), as a means of streamlining social relations with a powerful non-entropic effect (Ilyin, 1993:24), as “the ability of one person or group of people to realize their own will in a joint action” even in spite of the resistance of other people participating in the specified action” (Weber, 1968), as a form of influence that sets norms and goals (Ball, 1993:36), and as communication and cooperation in relationships between people (Ilyin, 1993:40)
Despite all the ambiguity and apparent divergence of the above formulations, it logically follows that at least two aspects are inherent in any power relationship, namely, managerial and social (Demidov, 2001:30)
Summary
Выступая альтернативой субстанциональному и релятивистскому подходу к исследованию государственной власти, системно-синергетический подход анализирует феномен «власти» исходя из определения «системы», в рамках которой на власть возлагаются функции связи и регулирования общественных отношений. В результате власть рассматривается как свойство или функция социальной, в частности государственно-политической системы, необходимость существования которой обусловлена наличием самого общества и задачей поддержания его целостности. Проведенный анализ дает основание констатировать, что в большинстве современных концепций осуществляется последовательный отказ от традиционного истолкования власти как результата субъект-объектных отношений, где субъект власти — это активное, деятельностное начало, а объект — исключительно то, что претерпевает воздействия. Как структурный принцип власть реализуется на основе эквивалентного обмена, означающего не равноценность обмениваемых элементов, а ситуацию, в которой один элемент немыслим без другого, т.е. Подобное представление позволяет трактовать власть как принцип функционирования государственной системы: если государственной системе при помощи некоторого ценностного полагания удается воспроизвести соответствующее ей содержание сознания, то она функционирует вполне стабильно.
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