SYSTEM PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISMS OF REFLECTION

Abstract

The article examines the principles and mechanisms of system components of the processes of reflection, which provide the subject with access to his inner world, to his thoughts. The processes of reflection are implemented in a circuit that contains the subject's inner world covered by feedback. The reflection circuit is closed through the sensory (associative) zones of the cerebral cortex. This eliminates the problem of the subject's perception of images of representations – that is, the results of his mental activity in the forms and modalities of perception of the external world – without the participation of the receptors of sensory systems. It is shown that the images of consciousness are independent objects of the inner world, and that this property of independence plays a fundamental role in the formation of subject-object relations in the processes of reflection and conscious thinking in general. A necessary component of the reflection circuit is a subject who has self-awareness. The subject is represented by a psychosomatic image of "I" in the context of his inner world, which provides access to the results of reflection from the first person. The principle of subject-object relations, the mechanism of which is common to all types of conscious thinking, is formulated and substantiated. This makes it possible to explain the fundamental concepts of philosophical and psychological theories related to the subject's appeal to his inner world, to his thoughts. Within the framework of this principle, we solve the well-known problem of uniting the cognizing subject (cognizer) and the cognized subject in one person – thus, in particular, the problems of self-knowledge and self-reflection. The mechanisms and properties of reflection, which ensure self-dialogic thinking, make it possible to realize the main requirement for the process of reflection – thinking about thinking.