Abstract
This article discusses a pilot plant study at the Birmingham (Alabama) Water Works Board's (BWWB's) Shades Mountain Filter Plant to evaluate various coagulant doses to improve total organic carbon (TOC) removal, provide consistent floc formation, and reduce settled turbidity. The project's goal was to identify a process that out‐performed the plant's established coagulation regime, which consisted of aluminum sulfate (alum) and a coagulant aid. More than 250 coagulation conditions were tested. BWWB personnel concluded that ferric sulfate significantly improved TOC removal, provided consistent floc formation, and reduced settled turbidity. In addition, ferric sulfate worked for a wider range of raw water conditions when compared with alum. Much of the success of using ferric sulfate for TOC removal hinged on feeding 80‐100 ppm, which was possible because of high levels of raw alkalinity.
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