System of future tense forms In the Dargin Languages

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the future tense forms in the Dargin languages which belong to the Nakh-Dagestan language group. The relevance of the issue is that the languages of the small nations of Dagestan are rapidly disappearing for recent decades, while the younger generation mainly uses the Russian language for communication. Meanwhile, it is known that the morphological system of the East Caucasian languages is quite rich and consists of numerous paradigms of inflectional categories. Particularly, there is an extensive system of aspectual, tense and modal forms in the Dargin languages. The main purpose of the article is to study the semantic peculiarities of four verb forms that express - futurum, progressive, possibilitative and obligatory meanings of the future tense. The objectives of the work is to study the ways of their formation and also reveal the differences in the functioning of future tense forms in the Northern Dargin and the Southern Dargin languages. To solve these problems, the methods of field linguistics, as well as the method of descriptive analysis are used. In description of the forms of the future tense, the main meaning, methods of formation, examples are given, and the designations of these forms in the works of predecessors are also given. As a result of the study, all forms of the future tense functioning in the Dargin languages are described, the peculiarities of their formation are considered, semantic differences and the terms for their functioning are revealed. Some ways of development of futurum in the Dargin languages are also identified. A hypothesis is put forward according to which this form existed in the proto-Dargin state, but then disappeared in the Northern Dargin languages. Habitualis started to function as the future tense in them.