Abstract
Abstract. In wind energy research, airborne wind energy systems are one of the promising energy sources in the near future. They can extract more energy from high altitude wind currents compared to conventional wind turbines. This can be achieved with the aid of aerodynamic lift generated by a wing tethered to the ground. Significant savings in investment costs and overall system mass would be obtained since no tower is required. To solve the problems of wind speed uncertainty and kite deflections throughout the flight, system identification is required. Consequently, the kite governing equations can be accurately described. In this work, a simple model was presented for a tether with a fixed length and compared to another model for parameter estimation. In addition, for the purpose of stabilizing the system, fuzzy control was also applied. The design of the controller was based on the concept of Mamdani. Due to its robustness, fuzzy control can cover a wider range of different wind conditions compared to the classical controller. Finally, system identification was compared to the simple model at various wind speeds, which helps to tune the fuzzy control parameters.
Highlights
Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems are very promising energy sources that use flying devices
least square estimation (LSE) and fuzzy control had been described in Sects. 3 and 4 and the results of fuzzy control were compared with the classical control in Sect. 5 using Simulink2
The variation of the kite’s parameters comes from the changes in wind speed and direction, the change in the aerodynamic coefficients, and the change in the kite’s shape
Summary
Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems are very promising energy sources that use flying devices. 2.1 Kinematic framework As mentioned in the introduction, there are different concepts to derive the mathematical model of the kite (Diehl, 2001; Ahmed, 2014; Fagiano, 2009; Furey, 2012; Thorpe, 2011; Zgraggen, 2014) Some of these models considered the kite as a point mass model, and other researchers just considered the kite as a rigid body (Thorpe, 2011; Zgraggen, 2014; Fechner et al, 2015; Williams et al, 2007). Together with the tether length lt , the elevation angle β and the azimuth angle φ represent a spherical coordinate system that fully defines the position of the kite in the wind reference frame. LSE and fuzzy control had been described in Sects. 3 and 4 and the results of fuzzy control were compared with the classical control in Sect. 5 using Simulink
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