Abstract
Objectives: To ensure efficient operation of solar modules and temperature mode in accordance with standard test conditions range within 20-30◦C. Methods: A mathematical model was developed using the laws of photoelectricity, heat and mass transfer, which provides improvement in the efficiency of solar power plants. Findings: This study presents the theoretical analysis of different embodiment for systems of solar modules using physical and mathematical models. The main design and functional characteristics of solar modules were calculated: temperature and efficiency depending on internal parameters and ambient environment. Dependence between temperature and efficiency of solar modules for different values of air temperature, emissivity factor of solar cells, and efficiency of solar power plants, were determined and presented in the form of diagrams. It was found that solar modules have the highest heating temperature at solar irradiance of Еc=1200 W/m2, air temperature of Тa=50◦C, and that the solar modules have the lowest heating temperature at Тa=30◦C and e =0.8, with a decrease in the heating temperature from 111 to 38oС, the efficiency decreases at an air temperature of 50oС and at the emissivity factor of e =0.8 and 0.3 and makes from 4.2 to 10.3%. The dependences were calculated for different latitudes φ: 56o(Moscow), 45o(Krasnodar), 35.5o(Eslamshahr, Iran), 31.6o(Béchar, Algeria), 13.1o(Chennai, India). Solar modules with cooling devices were installed in the Istra district of the Moscow region and bench tests, to specific calculated parameters, were carried out under full-scale conditions. Conclusions: It was found that the efficiency of solar panels increased significantly due to the use of systems with heat-exchange tubes, and the losses, when using an antigravity heat exchanger for cooling photovoltaic cells, reduced by 6-7 times. Novelty: Usage of an anti-gravity heat exchanger to cool the photovoltaic cells, to maintain the optimal operating temperature prevent electrical distortion due to extreme temperatures. Keywords: Solar panels; air temperature; cooling; emissivity factor; solar irradiance; antigravity tubes; temperature loads; performance improvement
Highlights
Due to the growing environmental crisis and to ensure the energy security of countries, over the past 15-20 years, an almost explosive growth in the use of renewable energy sources has been observed across the globe (RES) [1]
For applications of air-cooling systems, the thermal behavior of a solar module with solar cells is studied when cooled by atmospheric air and via natural heat exchange with the environment
Based on equation [1], the dependences of the heating temperature of SMs in a non-atmospheric environment on solar irradiance were calculated at various values of the integral absorption coefficient of SR a of the surface of solar cells, with the results presented in [Figure 1]
Summary
Due to the growing environmental crisis and to ensure the energy security of countries, over the past 15-20 years, an almost explosive growth in the use of renewable energy sources has been observed across the globe (RES) [1]. The proposed installation will increase the efficiency of photovoltaic modules and power generation, as well as increase the service life of photovoltaic modules by cooling with heat pipes. The rest of the energy, to a greater extent, is spent on heating the photocell, resulting in a significant increase in its surface temperature, which, in turn, has a negative impact on its operation [10,11,12]. With solar irradiance of 1000-1200 W/m2, the cells heat up to 60-70◦C, each losing 0.07-0.09 V This is the main reason for the reduction in the efficiency of solar modules. The aim of this work is to develop mathematical models, describing the operation of individual units of the system, to study the thermal behavior of a solar module and a system for maintaining optimal temperature modes of photovoltaic cells to improve the efficiency of solar power plants
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