Abstract
The computer was introduced to process control in the 1960’s, and broad advancement in digital control techniques was achieved. After that, electronic devices such as microprocessors developed rapidly. Hand-in-hand with the development of digital communications, distributed control systems first appeared in 1975. Use of this type of system quickly spread, and today has achieved prominence among process control systems. This digitization has greatly transformed control systems, bringing broad improvements in productivity and product quality, and reducing manpower requirements. From a broad perspective with respect to industrial processes, these automatic systems are called process automation (PA).
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