Abstract
The self-proclaimed Kurdish autonomy in the Northeastern Syria has already being estimated as one-third of the country, and, despite its unrecognized status, appears to become one of the key players in the Syrian peace settlement and, at the same time, a political hostage to the situation that has developed in Syria as a result of the civil war. The article explores the formation of the self-proclaimed autonomy in the Northeastern Syria (aka Rojava, Syrian Kurdistan, Federation of Northeastern Syria, Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria (AANES)) and puts forward the thesis of Rojava’s emergence as an insurgent state. The first part of the study analyzes it’s political system by implementation of the concept of proto-state actors for the Kurdish Self-Defense Forces (YPG) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD). Due to the inclusiveness of the Kurdish Self-Defense Forces the Kurdish non-state actors (PYD-YPG) have acquired the proto-state features, going beyond the definition of the “Syrian wing” of the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK). The article focuses on the complex and diversified ethnic composition of the local population within the boundaries of the de facto autonomy. It is manifested by the presence of various political actors and movements, including those based on ethnic particularism. It is concluded that such a political structure is a fragile one due to the interethnic contradictions between the Kurds and the Arabs in the region.
Highlights
The self-proclaimed Kurdish autonomy in the Northeastern Syria has already being estimated as one-third of the country, and, despite its unrecognized status, appears to become one of the key players in the Syrian peace settlement and, at the same time, a political hostage to the situation that has developed in Syria as a result of the civil war
The article explores the formation of the self-proclaimed autonomy in the Northeastern Syria (aka Rojava, Syrian Kurdistan, Federation of Northeastern Syria, Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria (AANES)) and puts forward the thesis of Rojava’s emergence as an insurgent state
Treates // The Kurds: Legend of the East / ed
Summary
Автономная администрация Северо-Восточной Сирии (ААСВС), несмотря на свой непризнанный статус, выступает одним из ключевых игроков в сирийском урегулировании. В 2011–2013 годах вспышка гражданской войны в Сирии и временная победа поддержанных Турцией исламистских правительств в Тунисе и Египте, тем не менее, вызвали серьёзные сдвиги баланса сил в ближневосточном регионе как по линии актуализации исламского фактора, так и по линии смены политических и клерикальных элит региона, когда был брошен вызов ранее существовавшим протогосударственным субъектам, таким как Хезбалла и ХАМАС, и одновременно возникли новые курдские силы самообороны YPG в связке с созданной в 2003 году Партией «Демократический Союз» и, возможно, в перспективе с Курдским Высшим Советом. На основании вышеизложенного можно предположить, что Рожава – это протогосударственное образование с «низким уровнем стрессоустойчивости из-за отсутствия внутреннего консенсуса по вопросам осуществления властных функций и распределения общественных благ» [Бартенев, 2018: 22]; стабильность восста новлена здесь под влиянием эндогенных политических процессов, допускающих содействие со стороны внешних сил, а донорство США стало одним из ключевых элементов стабильности ААСВС как протогосударства
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