Abstract
The interaction between a photon and a qubit in the Janeys–Cummings (JC) model generates a kind of quasiparticle called polariton. While they are widely used in quantum optics, difficulties in engineering-controllable coupling of them severely limit their applications to simulate spinful quantum systems. Here we show that, in the superconducting quantum circuit context, polariton states in the single-excitation manifold of a JC lattice can be used to simulate a spin-1/2 system, based on which tunable synthetic spin–orbit coupling and novel topological polaritons can be generated and explored. The lattice is formed by a sequence of coupled transmission line resonators, each of which is connected to a transmon qubit. Synthetic spin–orbit coupling and the effective Zeeman field of the polariton can both be tuned by modulating the coupling strength between neighboring resonators, allowing for the realization of a large variety of polaritonic topological semimetal bands. Methods for detecting the polaritonic topological edge states and topological invariants are also proposed. Therefore, our work suggests that the JC lattice is a versatile platform for exploring spinful topological states of matter, which may inspire developments of topologically protected quantum optical and information-processing devices.
Highlights
The Janeys–Cummings (JC) model proposed in 19631 is a seminal theoretical model treating light–matter interaction with full quantum theory, i.e., the interaction of a quantized electromagnetic field with a two-level atom
Topological states are characterized by topological invariants which are robust to the smooth changes in system parameters and disorders, where topological edge states can be employed for robust quantum transport.[25,26]
We present a method using single-particle quantum dynamics to probe topological winding numbers and topological polariton edge states. (v) In the quantum optics platform, JC lattice systems previously have generated multiple important applications, including masers, lasers, photon transistors, and quantum information processors
Summary
The Janeys–Cummings (JC) model proposed in 19631 is a seminal theoretical model treating light–matter interaction with full quantum theory, i.e., the interaction of a quantized electromagnetic field with a two-level atom This model has been widely applied to many quantum platforms for studying the interaction of a quantized bosonic field with a qubit, which has become the cornerstone in quantum optics and quantum computation.[2,3,4,5,6,7] an interconnected array of multiple JC systems can form a JC lattice,[8,9,10,11] which provides an innovative quantum optical platform for studying condensed matter physics. Significant theoretical and experimental progress on realizing synthetic SOC recently have been achieved in ultracold atom systems.[28,29,30] This progress stimulates great research interests to explore topological states with ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices.[31,32,33,34] the limited trapping time and the siteaddressing difficulty increase the experimental complexity, i.e., it is generally difficult to have modulable coupling between two neighboring sites in an optical lattice
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