Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the best conditions of use of the synthetic sex pheromone of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton for monitoring this species in citrus groves in northeastern Brazil. Pheromone doses (0.0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg) and longevity (1, 15, 29, 43 and 57-day-old lures) and trap height (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m), color (green, red, and white) and model influence on P. citrella males capture were evaluated. The doses of 10 and 100 μg of the synthetic sex pheromone - a 3:1 blend of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal and (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal - attracted the greatest number of P. citrella males. Traps baited with these two both dosages continued to capture P. citrella males at a comparable rate for over eight weeks in citrus groves. Although there was no significant decrease in activity of both dosages until 57 days of exposure to the environment, the higher dose, as time passed, attracted significantly more P. citrella males than the lower dose. There were no significant differences in male capture in traps with synthetic sex pheromone placed at 1.5 and 2.5 m height, wich had the better results. Trap color and model did not affect male capture.
Highlights
The citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was originally described in India (Stainton, 1856), but is established in five continents (Heppner, 1993; Argov & Rössler, 1996; Prates et al, 1996)
The larval mining increases the susceptibility of trees to the citrus canker disease, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
The objective of this study was to determine the best conditions of use of the synthetic sex pheromone of P. citrella for monitoring this species in citrus groves in northeastern Brazil
Summary
The citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was originally described in India (Stainton, 1856), but is established in five continents (Heppner, 1993; Argov & Rössler, 1996; Prates et al, 1996). Damages caused by the citrus leafminer include loss of photosynthetic capacity from mining, stunting, and malformation of leaves. Besides those damages, the larval mining increases the susceptibility of trees to the citrus canker disease, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Leal et al (2006) detected three active compounds from female pheromone gland extracts of a Brazilian population of P. citrella: (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal [Z7Z11E13-16Ald], (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal [Z7Z11-16Ald], and (Z)-7-hexadecenal [Z7-16Ald] in a ratio of 30:10:1. They demonstrated that traps baited with a mixture of the two major constituents captured more males than traps baited with virgin female P. citrella. In contrast to the Japanese population, Moreira et al (2006) showed that field populations of P. citrella in California, USA, did not respond to either of the major compounds alone. Lapointe et al (2006) and Van Vang et al (2008) showed that 3:1 binary mixtures of Z7Z11E13-16Ald and Z7Z11-16Ald were attractive to field populations in Florida, USA and in Vietnam, respectively
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