Abstract
Stimulation of plant innate immunity by natural and synthetic elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional pesticides for a more sustainable agriculture. Sugar-based bolaamphiphiles are known for their biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. In this work, we show that Synthetic Rhamnolipid Bolaforms (SRBs) that have been synthesized by green chemistry trigger Arabidopsis innate immunity. Using structure-function analysis, we demonstrate that SRBs, depending on the acyl chain length, differentially activate early and late immunity-related plant defense responses and provide local increase in resistance to plant pathogenic bacteria. Our biophysical data suggest that SRBs can interact with plant biomimetic plasma membrane and open the possibility of a lipid driven process for plant-triggered immunity by SRBs.
Highlights
Stimulation of plant innate immunity by natural and synthetic elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional pesticides for a more sustainable agriculture
The efficient synthesis of symmetric bolaamphiphiles derived from L-rhamnose Synthetic Rhamnolipid Bolaforms (SRBs) (Fig. 1A) has been realized using green chemistry principle[29,32]
We show for the first time that the synthetic bolaamphiphilic glycolipids SRBs are perceived by Arabidopsis cells and induce an immune response characterized by unconventional signalling events, defence
Summary
Stimulation of plant innate immunity by natural and synthetic elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional pesticides for a more sustainable agriculture. Synthetic elicitors are small compounds, structurally distinct from IPs that can trigger plant immune responses by mimicking IPs perception or IPs-triggered plant signalling. They can induce plant protection against pathogens without being directly toxic to the microorganism[10]. 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (BHTC) that induces plant disease resistance against bacterial, oomycete, and fungal pathogens was shown to link plant immunity to hormesis[15]. Another recently discovered synthetic elicitor, the 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid (DCA) induces NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent
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