Synthetic red supergiant explosion model grid for systematic characterization of Type II supernovae

Abstract

Abstract A new model grid containing 228016 synthetic red supergiant explosions (Type II supernovae) is introduced. Time evolution of spectral energy distributions from 1 to 50000 Å (100 frequency bins in a log scale) is computed at each time step up to 500 d after explosion in each model. We provide light curves for the filters of Vera C, Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), the Zwicky Transient Facility, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, but light curves for any photometric filters can be constructed by convolving any filter response functions to the synthetic spectral energy distributions. We also provide bolometric light curves and photosphere information such as photospheric velocity evolution. The parameter space covered by the model grid is five progenitor masses (10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 M$_{\odot}$ at the zero-age main sequence, solar metallicity), ten explosion energies (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 × 1051 erg), nine 56Ni masses (0.001, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M$_{\odot}$), nine mass-loss rates (10−5.0, 10−4.5, 10−4.0, 10−3.5, 10−3.0, 10−2.5, 10−2.0, 10−1.5, and 10−1.0 M$_{\odot}$ yr−1 with a wind velocity of 10 km s−1), six circumstellar matter radii (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 × 1014 cm), and ten circumstellar structures (β = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0). 56Ni is assumed to be uniformly mixed up to the half-mass of a hydrogen-rich envelope. This model grid can be a base for rapid characterizations of Type II supernovae with sparse photometric sampling expected in LSST through a Bayesian approach, for example. The model grid is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6sj.