Synthetic protease-activated class B GPCRs

Abstract

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the ligand detection machinery of a majority of extracellular signaling systems in metazoans. Novel chemical and biological tools to probe the structure-function relationships of GPCRs have impacted both basic and applied GPCR research. To better understand the structure-function of class B GPCRs, we generated receptor-ligand fusion chimeric proteins that can be activated by exogenous enzyme application. As a prototype, fusion proteins of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) with GLP-1(7–36) and exendin-4(1–39) peptides incorporating enterokinase-cleavable N-termini were generated. These receptors are predicted to generate fusion protein neo-epitopes upon proteolysis with enterokinase that are identical to the N-termini of GLP-1 agonists. This system was validated by measuring enterokinase-dependent GLP-1R mediated cAMP accumulation, and a structure-activity relationship for both linker length and peptide sequence was observed. Moreover, our results show this approach can be used in physiologically relevant cell systems, as GLP-1R-ligand chimeras were shown to induce glucose-dependent insulin secretion in insulinoma cells upon exposure to enterokinase. This approach suggests new strategies for understanding the structure-function of peptide-binding GPCRs.