Highlights

  • Preterm birth (PTB) is currently the leading cause of childhood mortality under the age of five [1]

  • We carried out final purification by reversed-phase HPLC and we verified the identity by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) was used for all experiments

  • We detected an increase in prematurity rate after LPS application and sPIF pretreatment reduced this PTB rate significantly (Fig 1B; compare LPS to LPS+sPIF groups)

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Summary

Introduction

Preterm birth (PTB) is currently the leading cause of childhood mortality under the age of five [1]. Recent evidence suggest that the overall shift in the inflammatory environment, rather than the presence of individual microbial communities during microbiome disruption, contributes to spontaneous PTB [3]. In line with this notion, anti-microbial treatments have shown limited efficacy in reducing PTB risk [4]. An inflammatory insult contributes to the PTB risk and to the risk of fetal mortality and morbidities. Proper control of an exaggerated inflammatory response should reduce the PTB incidence and impact fetal morbidities such as brain injury [10,11]

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