Abstract
The concept of using short fragments of proteins for immunization is a logical extension of the demonstration, more than 20 years ago, that for most viruses the protective activity is normally associated with only one of the constituent proteins. During the 1960s, it was shown that the immunizing activity of measles, influenza, rabies, vesicular stomatitis, and other lipid-containing viruses is associated with the surface projections clearly observable by electron microscopy. With the exception of those from vesicular stomatitis virus, the activity of the isolated surface projections in eliciting neutralizing protective antibody was lower than when they were attached to virus particles. It soon became apparent, however, that the activity of the isolated projections could be increased by restoring the configuration they possessed when forming part of the virus particle.
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