Synthetic Methods for High-Energy Organofluorine Compounds

Abstract

This chapter provides applications of conductor-like screening model–segment activity coefficient (COSMO–SAC) and nonrandom two-liquid–segment activity coefficient (NRTL–SAC) for thermodynamic solubility modeling of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX). It presents solubility thermodynamics and formulations of COSMO-SAC and NRTL-SAC, and provides COSMO-SAC sigma profiles and report NRTL-SAC molecular parameters for the three energetic materials. The chapter compares solubility modeling results with the experimental solubility data in pure solvents and binary solvents and with the literature values for the octanol-water partition coefficients. COSMO–SAC calculates activity coefficients from the solvation free energy of molecules in solution. Polymorphism for energetic materials relates to density, shock sensitivity, initiation, and safety and handling of energetic materials. The octanol–water partition coefficient is a measure of molecular hydrophobicity. Octanol–water partition coefficients are usually reported in the literature as logKow, and a limited literature reports the partition coefficients of the three energetic materials.