Abstract
The cell plate is the new cell wall, with bordering plasma membrane, that is formed between two daughter cells in plants, and it is formed by fusion of vesicles (approximately 60 nm). To start to determine physical properties of cell plate forming vesicles for their transport through the phragmoplast, and fusion with each other, we microinjected fluorescent synthetic lipid vesicles that were made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DOPG) into Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells. During interphase, the 60-nm wide DOPG vesicles moved inside the cytoplasm comparably to organelles. During cytokinesis, they were transported through the phragmoplast and accumulated in the cell plate region together with the endogenous vesicles, even inside the central cell plate region. Because at this stage microtubules are virtually absent from that region, while actin filaments are present, actin filaments may have a role in the transport of vesicles toward the cell plate. Unlike the endogenous vesicles, the synthetic DOPG vesicles did not fuse with the developing cell plate. Instead, they redistributed into the cytoplasm of the daughter cells upon completion of cytokinesis. Because the redistribution of the vesicles occurs when actin filaments disappear from the phragmoplast, actin filaments may be involved in keeping the vesicles inside the developing cell plate region.
Highlights
The cell plate is the new cell wall, with bordering plasma membrane, that is formed between two daughter cells in plants, and it is formed by fusion of vesicles
Synthetic lipid (DOPG) vesicles injected into young elongating interphase stamen hair cells of T. virginiana distributed evenly in the cytoplasm within 5 to 10 min after microinjection and were visible as individual fluorescent speckles (Fig. 2, A and B)
The vesicles seemed to be stable because their fluorescence was not incorporated into the plasma membrane, tonoplast, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or other organelles that can be seen with DIC microscopy
Summary
The cell plate is the new cell wall, with bordering plasma membrane, that is formed between two daughter cells in plants, and it is formed by fusion of vesicles (approximately 60 nm). The phragmoplast is a cytoplasmic dense area containing microtubules, actin filaments, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and cell plate forming vesicles (Schopfer and Hepler, 1991; Samuels et al, 1995; Staehelin and Hepler, 1996; Seguı-Simarro et al, 2004; Jurgens, 2005). Other organelles, such as the Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and the vacuole stay outside the phragmoplast. The fusion tubes fuse with other vesicles and form the tubulo-vesicular network that is
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