Abstract
SummarySynthetic extreme environments like carwash effluent tanks and drains are potential sources of biotechnologically important microorganisms and molecules which have, however, remained unexplored. Using culture‐ and molecular‐based methods, a total of 17 bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Shewanella, Proteus, Paenibacillus, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Pantoea were identified. Hydrocarbon utilization and enzyme production screening assays showed that Aeromonas sp. CAC11, Paenibacillus sp. CAC12 and Paenibacillus sp. CAC13 and Citrobacter sp. PCW7 were able to degrade benzanthracene, naphthalene and diesel oil, Paenibacillus sp. CAC12 and Paenibacillus sp. CAC13 could produce cellulase enzyme, while Proteus sp. BPS2, Pseudomonas sp. SAS8 and Proteus sp. CAL3 could produce lipase. GC‐MS analysis of bacterial secondary metabolites resulted in identification of 107 different compounds produced by Proteus sp. BPS2, Paenibacillus sp. CAC12, Pseudomonas sp. SAS8, Proteus sp. CAL3 and Paenibacillus sp. CAC13. Most of the compounds identified by both GC‐MS and LC‐MS have previously been determined to have antibacterial, antifungal and/or anticancer properties. Further, microbial metabolites which have previously been known to be produced only by plants or microorganisms found in natural extreme environments were also identified in this study. This research has revealed the immense bioresource potential of microorganisms inhabiting synthetic extreme environments.
Highlights
Microbial life has been found to adapt to and thrive in extreme conditions ranging from extremely low water availability, intense solar radiation, high salinity and extreme temperatures, pH and pressure (Rampelotto, 2013; Azua-Bustos and Gonzalez-Silva, 2014)
Bacterial isolates which were positive for enzyme production screens were grown in fermentation media consisting of minimal salt medium supplemented with olive oil and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC)-Na salt for 7 days in a shaking incubator at 30°C
The acetonitrile fraction was used to analyse for the polar secondary metabolites using LC-Mass spectrometer (MS), while the hexane fraction was used to analyse for nonpolar, volatile compounds using GC-MS
Summary
Synthetic extreme environments like carwash effluent tanks and drains are potential sources of biotechnologically important microorganisms and molecules which have, remained unexplored. Using culture- and molecular-based methods, a total of 17 bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Shewanella, Proteus, Paenibacillus, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Pantoea were identified. CAC13 could produce cellulase enzyme, while Proteus sp. GC-MS analysis of bacterial secondary metabolites resulted in identification of 107 different compounds produced by Proteus sp. Microbial metabolites which have previously been known to be produced only by plants or microorganisms found in natural extreme environments were identified in this study. Bioresource potential of microorganisms inhabiting synthetic extreme environments
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