Synthetic Cooling Agents in Australian-Marketed E-cigarette Refill Liquids and Disposable E-cigarettes: Trends Follow the U.S. Market.

Abstract

E-cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular in Australia, especially amongst the younger population. The synthetic cooling molecules WS-3 and WS-23 have been identified in e-cigarette products from the United States and Europe. The extent of inclusion of these synthetic coolants in Australian e-liquids is unknown, particularly in newer disposable e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes and e-liquids were purchased within Australia and anonymously donated by Australian users. Nicotine, WS-3, WS-23, and menthol were quantified in the e-liquids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). WS-23 and nicotine were detected in all of the disposable e-cigarettes with WS-23 often present in high concentrations. There was no correlation between cooling terms in the flavor name and the inclusion of cooling agents. Only three bottled e-liquids were found to contain WS-23 while none contained WS-3 above the limit of detection. Synthetic coolants were a common addition in disposable e-cigarettes while rarely added to e-liquid bottle refills. Their inclusion in these products is reflective of trends observed in United States and European e-cigarette products. The increase in synthetic cooling agents as components of e-liquids, particularly disposable e-cigarette devices, has been observed within Australian samples across a range of brands and flavors. WS-23 was present in every disposable e-cigarette analyzed in this study, often in relatively high concentrations. Its inhalational toxicology should be considered when evaluating the safety of these products.