Synthetic-based aphrons: Correlation between properties and filtrate reduction performance

Abstract

Aphrons fluids, because of their “noninvasive” characteristic, are indicated for drilling zones that have multiple intercalations of depleted formations adjacent to formations that require high-density fluids. Aphrons are colloidal dispersions containing microbubbles, with cores of gas, liquid or emulsion ranging from 10 to 100 μm in diameter, that are highly stable due to their high interfacial area and multiple surrounding surfactant layers. This paper presents results of physical–chemical properties, bubble size distribution and filtration of systems containing microbubbles. The aphrons were generated by applying a pressure differential under a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) filtration cell. Tests were also run with different types of surfactants, specific for generation of bubbles in an organic medium (ester). The surfactants were analyzed for their surface tension and the dispersions produced were photographed under an optical microscope at 60× magnification. The images obtained were digitized to enable determination of the bubble size distribution using an ImageJ program. The filtrate reduction performance of these fluids was determined by static filtration in synthetic porous media. There was a correlation between the filtration characteristics of the fluids, the bubble size distribution and number of bubbles produced in each base and for each surfactant tested. The results obtained served as a reference to formulate a light, non-water-based drilling fluid containing microbubbles with “noninvasive” characteristics.