Abstract
Lignin is synthesized in plant cell walls by the polymerization of radicals generated by the one-electron oxidation of the lignin precursors, which are three p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols: p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol. This chapter describes the synthesis of 14 C-labeled coniferyl alcohol, with the label in the β- and γ-carbons of the side chain, in the methoxyl carbon, or uniformly in the aromatic ring carbons. These coniferyl alcohols permit the synthesis of synthetic gymnosperm-type lignins. These lignins should suffice for most investigations. The chapter summarizes methods that have been, or could be, used for synthesizing labeled sinapyl and p-coumaryl alcohols, if it is desired to prepare homopolymers from these other precursors or copolymers derived from mixtures. In addition, the chapter references methods that can be used to label specific carbon atoms in the side chains.
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