Synthesis, XRD, spectroscopic (UV–Vis, IR, EPR) and biological evaluations of cobalt(II)-ciprofloxacin complex as antimicrobial agent: In silico molecular docking and ADME

Abstract

Cobalt(II)-Ciprofloxacin complex ([Co(Cip)2(H2O)2].2(H2PO4).8(H2O); Cip=Ciprofloxacin) containing phosphoric acid was synthesized and its structure was characterized by numerous analytical techniques such as FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), UV–Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible), EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), elemental analysis and SCXRD (single crystal X-ray diffraction) for structural elucidation. According to XRD data, the environment of Cobalt has octahedral geometry with ciprofloxacin ligand bonded as bidentate (keto and carboxyl group) and aqua ligand. It was revealed that the metal complex left metal oxide and other residues as the final product in the multi-step decomposition TGA curve in the range of 20–1000 °C. The contribution of intermolecular interactions that lead to molecular packing was analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The synthesized complex was tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. We conducted a molecular docking study using AUTODOCK 4.2 to investigate the binding energy and interaction modes of a highly potent microbial complex with three different enzymes: S. aureus DNA gyrase (PDB ID: 2XCT), GyrA (PDB ID: 3LPX), and mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase type IIA topoisomerase (PDB ID: 3UC1).